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Greek language

NameGreek
Nativename 
 
Pronunciation-eleliniˈka
StatesGreece,
Cyprus,
Germany,
Italy,
Turkey,
Albania,
Republic of Macedonia,
Romania,
Egypt,
United States,
United Kingdom,
Belgium,
France,
Canada,
Brazil,
South Africa,
Australia,
Russia,
Ukraine and in immigrant communities throughout Europe and worldwide.
Speakersc. 13.1 million
FamilycolorIndo-European
Fam2Hellenic
Dia1Cappadokian
Dia2Cheimarriotika
Dia3Cretan
Dia4Cypriot
Dia5Demotic
Dia6Grico
Dia7Katharevousa
Dia4Pontic
Dia5Tsakonian
Dia6Maniot
Dia7Yevanic
Stand1Greek dialect
ScriptGreek alphabet
MinorityOfficial language in: Greece
Cyprus
  ----
Albania
Australia
Italy
France
Russia
Germany
Armenia
Turkey
United States
Australia
 
Ukraine
Iso1el
Iso2bgre
Iso2tell
Lc1grc
Ld1Ancient Greek
Lc2ell
Ld2Modern Greek
Lc3pnt
Ld3Pontic Greek
Lc4gmy
Ld4Mycenaean Greek
Lc5gkm
Ld5Medieval Greek
Lc6cpg
Ld6Cappadocian Greek
Lc7yej
Ld7Yevanic
Lc8tsd
Ld8Tsakonian Greek
Lingua56-AAA-a (varieties: 56-AAA-aa to -am)
NoticeIPA

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Greek ( -eleliniˈkaIPA or , -eleliniˈci ˈɣlosaIPA) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were previously used. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script, and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Coptic, and many other writing systems.

The Greek language holds an important place in the histories of Europe, the more loosely defined "Western" world, and Christianity; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes works of monumental importance and influence for the future Western canon, such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. Greek was also the language in which many of the foundational texts of Western philosophy, such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle, were composed; The New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek and the liturgy continues to be celebrated in the language in various Christian denominations (particularly the Eastern Orthodox and the Greek Rite of the Catholic Church). Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world (which was profoundly influenced by ancient Greek society), the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics.

Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and beyond during Classical Antiquity, and would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire. In its modern form, it is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 23 official languages of the European Union. The language is spoken by at least 13 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, and diaspora communities in numerous parts of the world.

Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages, especially in the sciences and medicine; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of the international scientific vocabulary. Over fifty thousand English words are derived from the Greek language.


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