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Ukraine

Ukraine
General information
Common nameUkraine
Local name 
Name 
Anthem

  (Ukrainian)
  (transliteration)
Ukraine's glory has not perished
CapitalKiev
Largest citycapital
Official languagesUkrainian
Regional languagesRussian, Crimean Tatar
Ethnic groups77.8% Ukrainians,
17.3% Russians,
4.9% others and unspecified (2001)
DemonymUkrainian
Government
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic
PresidentViktor Yanukovych
Prime MinisterMykola Azarov
Speaker of ParliamentVolodymyr Lytvyn
LegislatureVerkhovna Rada
FormationFormation
Kievan Rus'882
Kingdom of Galicia � Volhynia1199
Cossack Hetmanate1649
Ukrainian National RepublicNovember 7, 1917
West Ukrainian National RepublicNovember 1, 1918
Ukrainian SSRDecember 30, 1922
Second Declaration of IndependenceJune 30, 1941
Independence from the Soviet UnionAugust 24, 19911
Geography
Total Area233090 sq mi (603703.1 km2) (46th)
Water %7%
Demography
Population Est.45888000 (28th)
Population census48,457,102 (2001)
Density (pop.)76.8/km2 (115th) (199/sq mi)
Economy
GDP PPP$302.679 billion (2010)
GDP (PPP) per capita$6,656
GDP (nominal)$136.561 billion (2010)
GDP (nominal) per capita$3,003
Other information
Gini31 (2006) (medium)
HDI(+) 0.710 (2010) (high) (69th)
CurrencyHryvnia (UAH)
Time zoneEastern European Time (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3)
Drives on theright
Internet TLD.ua, .укр
Calling code380

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Ukraine (c-enaudio=en-us-Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km2, making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

Established by the Varangians in the 9th century, the medieval state of Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state, emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers-the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700 � 1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from this fighting on December 30, 1922 as one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic's territory was enlarged westward shortly before and after World War II, and southwards in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.

Ukraine became independent again when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. This dissolution started a period of transition to a market economy, in which Ukraine was stricken with an eight-year recession. Since then, however, the economy experienced a high increase in GDP growth. Ukraine was caught up in the worldwide economic crisis in 2008 and the economy plunged. GDP fell 20% from spring 2008 to spring 2009, then leveled off as analysts compared the magnitude of the downturn to the worst years of economic depression during the early 1990s.

Ukraine is a unitary state composed of 24 oblasts (provinces), one autonomous republic (Crimea), and two cities with special status: Kiev, its capital and largest city, and Sevastopol, which houses the Russian Black Sea Fleet under a leasing agreement. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine continues to maintain the second largest military in Europe, after that of Russia. The country is home to 46 million people, 77.8 percent of whom are ethnic Ukrainians, with sizable minorities of Russians (17%), Belarusians and Romanians. The Ukrainian language is the official language in Ukraine. Russian is also widely spoken. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which has heavily influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.


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