Stokely Carmichael
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Stokely Carmichael

Carmichael amidst a demonstration near the United States Capitol protesting the House of Representatives' action denying Rep. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., his seat, 1967.
Personal data
Date of birthJune 29, 1941
Place of birthPort of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Date of deathNovember 15, 1998(age 57)
Place of deathConakry, Guinea
4th Chairman
In officeMay 1966 - June 1967
Succeeded byH. Rap Brown
Preceded byJohn Lewis

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Kwame Ture (June 29, 1941 - November 15, 1998), also known as Stokely Carmichael, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "snick") and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party. Initially an integrationist, Carmichael later became affiliated with black nationalist and Pan-Africanist movements. He popularized the term "Black Power".

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African-American Civil Rights Movement

Topics and events
(timeline)
Albany Movement * Birmingham campaign * Black Power * Brown v. Board of Education * Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church * Chicago Open Housing Movement * Civil Rights Act of 1964 * Civil Rights Act of 1968 * Dexter Avenue Baptist Church * Emmett Till * Freedom Riders * Mississippi Freedom Summer * Greensboro sit-ins * Greyhound Bus Station (Montgomery, Alabama) * Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections * Little Rock Nine * March on Washington * Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party * Montgomery Bus Boycott * Nashville sit-ins * Poor People's Campaign * Selma Voting Rights Movement * 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing * Twenty-fourth Amendment * Voting Rights Act of 1965
ActivistsRalph Abernathy * Victoria Gray Adams * Ella Baker * James Bevel * Unita Blackwell * Julian Bond * Stokely Carmichael * J.L. Chestnut * Shirley Chisholm * Dorothy Cotton * Claudette Colvin * Vernon Dahmer * Annie Devine * Medgar Evers * Chuck Fager * James Farmer * James Forman * Marie Foster * Prathia Hall * Fannie Lou Hamer * Dorothy Height * Lola Hendricks * Aaron Henry * Myles Horton * T. R. M. Howard * Jesse Jackson * Jimmie Lee Jackson * T.J. Jemison * Judge Frank Johnson * Matthew Jones * Clyde Kennard * A.D. King * Coretta Scott King * Martin Luther King, Jr. * Bernard Lafayette * James Lawson * Bernard Lee * John Lewis * Viola Liuzzo * Z. Alexander Looby * Joseph Lowery * Clara Luper * Malcolm X * Thurgood Marshall * James Meredith * Amzie Moore * Bob Moses * William Moyer * Diane Nash * E. D. Nixon * James Orange * James Peck * Rosa Parks * Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. * Al Raby * A. Philip Randolph * Amelia Boynton Robinson * Bayard Rustin * Charles Sherrod * Fred Shuttlesworth * Modjeska Monteith Simkins * Kelly Miller Smith * Charles Kenzie Steele * C. T. Vivian * Wyatt Tee Walker * Roy Wilkins * Hosea Williams * Judge John Minor Wisdom * Andrew Young * Whitney Young
Activist groupsAlabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) * Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) * Highlander Folk School * Leadership Conference on Civil Rights * Montgomery Improvement Association * National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) * NAACP Youth Council * National Council of Negro Women * National Urban League * Operation Breadbasket * Regional Council of Negro Leadership * Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) * Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) * Women's Political Council
HistoriansTaylor Branch * Clayborne Carson * Michael Eric Dyson * Chuck Fager * Adam Fairclough * David Garrow * David Halberstam * Diane McWhorter

Black Panther Party

Founding membersHuey P. Newton, Bobby Seale
InfluencesBlack Power, Malcolm X, Robert F. Williams, Frantz Fanon, Karl Marx, Communism, Maoism
ProgramsFree Breakfast for Children
Panthers convicted of murderAngola 3, Mumia Abu-Jamal, H. Rap Brown, Warren Kimbro, Lonnie McLucas, Geronimo Pratt, George W. Sams, Jr., Assata Shakur
Panthers killed by policeMark Clark, Fred Hampton, Bobby Hutton, Carl Hampton
Other notable membersAshanti Alston, Richard Aoki, Charles Barron, Elaine Brown, William Lee Brent, Stokely Carmichael, Bunchy Carter, Eldridge Cleaver, Kathleen Neal Cleaver, Angela Davis, Aaron Dixon, Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin, Billy Garland, David Hilliard, George Jackson, Jamal Joseph, Chaka Khan, Robert Hillary King, Pete O'Neal, Larry Pinkney, Malik Rahim, Nile Rodgers, Bobby Rush, Afeni Shakur, Robert Trivers, Mark Essex
OtherNew Black Panther Party

Pan-Africanism

Proponents Politicians: Nnamdi Azikiwe * Amílcar Cabral * Muammar al-Gaddafi * Marcus Garvey * David Comissiong * Kenneth Kaunda * Jomo Kenyatta * Patrice Lumumba * Thabo Mbeki * Abdias do Nascimento * Kwame Nkrumah * Julius Nyerere * John Nyathi Pokela * Haile Selassie * Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe * Ahmed Sékou Touré * I.T.A. Wallace-Johnson
Others: Molefi Kete Asante * Steve Biko * Edward Wilmot Blyden * John Henrik Clarke * Cheikh Anta Diop * W. E. B. Du Bois * Frantz Fanon * John G. Jackson * Yosef Ben-Jochannan * Maulana Karenga * Fela Kuti * Bob Marley * Malcolm X * Zephania Mothopeng * George Padmore * Motsoko Pheko * Runoko Rashidi * Walter Rodney * Burning Spear * Henry Sylvester-Williams * Stokely Carmichael * Omali Yeshitela
ConceptsUnited States of Africa * Afrocentrism * Kwanzaa * Pan-African colours * Pan-African flag * Négritude * African nationalism * African socialism * African Century * Africanization * Kawaida * Ujamaa * Harambee * Ubuntu * Zikism * Black nationalism
OrganizationsAfrican Union * Organization of African Unity * Uhuru Movement * UNIA-ACL * African Unification Front * International African Service Bureau



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