Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

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The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ( ), commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV, is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially viable only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The PSLV has launched 41 satellites (19 Indian and 22 from other countries) into a variety of orbits till date.

PSLV costs 17 million USD flyaway cost for each launch.

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	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Stage 4
Pitch	SITVC	Engine Gimbal	Flex Nozzle	Engine Gimbal
Yaw	SITVC	Engine Gimbal	Flex Nozzle	Engine Gimbal
Roll	RCT and SITVC in 2 PSOMs	HRCM Hot Gas Reaction Control Motor	PS4 RCS	PS4 RCS

Variant	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
PSLV (Standard)	10	8	1	1
PSLV-CA (Core Alone)	6	6	0	0	Launched 10 satellites in one go.
PSLV-XL (Extended)	1	1	0	0	Launched Chandrayaan I.

Indian orbital launch systems

Active		GSLV * PSLV
In development		GSLV-III * Avatar RLV * UMLV
Retired		ASLV * SLV

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Satellites

Earth observation		Bhaskara Satellite series * IRS * Cartosat 1 * Cartosat 2 * Cartosat 2A * Cartosat 3 * Oceansat-2
Communication		Indian National Satellite System * GSAT-1 * GSAT-2 * GSAT-3 * GSAT-4 * KALPANA-1
Space observatory		Aryabhata * Astrosat
Global positioning		Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System
Extraterrestrial exploration		Aditya * Chandrayaan-1 * Chandrayaan-2 * Mars mission
Launch vehicle fleet

Expendable launch system		SLV * ASLV * PSLV * GSLV * GSLV-Mk III
Reusable launch system		AVATAR RLV
Human spaceflight programme

Technology demonstration		SRE-1 * SRE-2
Crew vehicle		Orbital Vehicle * Indian Space Shuttle Program
Launch vehicle		GSLV-IIH
Astronomy and planetary sciences

Observatories		Indian Astronomical Observatory * Ooty Radio Telescope
Institutions		National Atmospheric Research Laboratory
Associated organizations
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research * Raman Research Institute * Indian Institute of Astrophysics * Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics * Department of Space * Antrix Corporation * Aerospace Command * Defence Research and Development Organisation * IIST
People

Astronauts		Rakesh Sharma * Ravish Malhotra
Scientists		Homi Jehangir Bhabha * Vikram Sarabhai * Satish Dhawan * Raja Ramanna * Abdul Kalam * Udipi Ramachandra Rao * K. Kasturirangan * G. Madhavan Nair * Mylswamy Annadurai * B. N. Suresh * K. Radhakrishnan
Other
Bhuvan

D1	PSLV	20 September 1993	Sriharikota FLP*	India IRS 1E	846 kg	Failure	First development flight. Software error causes the vehicle to crash in to the Bay of Bengal 700 seconds after take off.
D2	PSLV	15 October 1994	Sriharikota FLP*	India IRS P2	804 kg	Success	First successful development flight.
D3	PSLV	21 March 1996	Sriharikota FLP*	India IRS P3	920 kg	Success
C1	PSLV	29 September 1997	Sriharikota FLP*	India IRS 1D	1,250 kg	Partial failure	Sub-optimal injection of Satellite.
C2	PSLV	26 May 1999	Sriharikota FLP*	India OceanSat 1 Germany DLR-Tubsat South Korea KitSat 3	1,050 kg 107 kg 45 kg	Success	First successful commercial flight.
C3	PSLV	22 October 2001	Sriharikota FLP*	India TES Belgium Proba Germany BIRD	1,108 kg 94 kg 92 kg	Success	Speculated as a Spy Satellite.
C4	PSLV	12 September 2002	Sriharikota FLP*	India METSAT 1 (Kalpana 1)	1,060 kg	Success	First launch to Geostationary transfer orbit.
C5	PSLV	17 October 2003	Sriharikota FLP*	India ResourceSat 1	1,360 kg	Success
C6	PSLV	5 May 2005	Sriharikota SLP**	India CartoSat 1 India HAMSAT	1560 kg 42.5 kg	Success
C7	PSLV	10 January 2007	Sriharikota FLP*	India CartoSat 2 India SRE Indonesia LAPAN-TUBsat Argentina PEHUENSAT-1	680 kg 500 kg 56 kg 6 kg	Success	Used a device called 'Dual Launch Adapter' for the first time to launch four satellites. LAPAN-TUBsat is Indonesia’s first remote sensing satellite.
C8	PSLV-CA	23 April 2007	Sriharikota SLP**	Italy AGILE India AAM	352 kg 185 kg	Success	First flight of the 'Core-Alone' version. ISRO's first exclusively commercial launch.
C10	PSLV-CA	21 January 2008	Sriharikota FLP*	Israel TECSAR	295 kg	Success	An Israeli reconnaissance satellite.
C9	PSLV-CA	28 April 2008	Sriharikota SLP**	India Cartosat-2A India IMS-1/TWSAT Germany RUBIN-8 Canada CanX-6/NTS Canada CanX-2 Japan Cute-1.7+APD II Netherlands Delfi-C3 Japan SEEDS-2 Germany COMPASS-1 Denmark AAUSAT-II	690 kg 83 kg 8 kg 6.5 kg 3.5 kg 3 kg 2.2 kg 1 kg 1 kg 0.75 kg	Success
C11	PSLV-XL	22 October 2008	Sriharikota SLP**	India Chandrayaan I	1,380 kg	Success	First flight of the PSLV-XL version. India's first mission to the Moon.
C12	PSLV-CA	20 April 2009	Sriharikota SLP**	India RISAT-2 India ANUSAT	300 kg 40 kg	Success	India's first all weather observation spy satellite. ANUSAT is the first satellite built by an Indian University.
C14	PSLV-CA	23 September 2009	Sriharikota FLP*	India Oceansat-2	960 kg 8 kg 8 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg	Success	Rubin 9.1 and 9.2 were non-separable payloads, orbited attached to the vehicle's fourth stage. SwissCube-1 and ITUpSAT1 are Switzerland's and Turkey's first home-grown satellites launched into space.
C15	PSLV-CA	July 12, 2010	Sriharikota FLP*	IndiaCartosat-2B	690 kg 117 kg 6.5 kg 1 kg	Success	Main satellite Cartosat-2B and Algeria's ALSAT-2A along with AISSat-1, TIsat-1, and StudSat. TIsat-1 is the second ever Swiss satellite launched into Space. AISSat-1 and TIsat are part of NLS-6.
Planned launches
C16	PSLV	3^rd Quarter 2010	Sriharikota	IndiaResourceSat-2 CACanX-4 CACanX-5 SingaporeXSat-1		Planned
C13	PSLV	2^nd Quarter 2010	Sriharikota	IndiaRISAT-1		Planned
C??	PSLV-??	2010	Sriharikota	India& France Megha-Tropiques		Planned
C??	PSLV-??	2010	Sriharikota	India Astrosat		Planned