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| Common name | Cuba | | Local name | | | Name | | | Motto | Patria o Muerte
"Homeland or Death" | | Anthem | La Bayamesa ("The Bayamo Song") | | Capital | Havana | | Largest city | capital | | Official languages | Spanish | | Ethnic groups | 65.05% European (Spanish, others), 10.08% African, 23.84% Mulatto and Mestizo | | Demonym | Cuban | | Government | Unitary republic, communist state | | President | Raúl Castro | | First Vice President | J. R. M. Ventura | | PCC First Secretary | Raúl Castro | | President of the National Assembly | Ricardo Alarcón | | Independence | Independence (from Spain/U.S.) | | Declared | October 10, 1868
from Spain | | Republic declared|established_event3=Cuban Revolution | May 20, 1902
from the United States | | Cuban Revolution | January 1, 1959 | | Total Area | 42427 sq mi (109885.9 km2) (105th) | | Water % | negligible | | Population Est. | 11239363 (75th) | | Population census | 11,177,743 (2002) | | Density (pop.) | 102.3/km2 (103rd) (265/sq mi) | | GDP PPP | $111.1 billion (2009) (62nd) | | GDP (PPP) per capita | $9,700 (86th) | | GDP (nominal) | $67.26 billion (2009) (62nd) | | GDP (nominal) per capita | $5,984 (78th) | | HDI | 0.863 (2007) (high) (51st) | | Currency | Cuban peso(CUP)
Cuban convertible peso (CUC) | | - Summer (DST) | (March 11 to November 4) (UTC−4) | | Drives on the | right | | Internet TLD | .cu | | Calling code | +53 |
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The Republic of Cuba ( ; , -esreˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβapronRCUB is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus found and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish � American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. Between 1953 and 1959 the Cuban Revolution occurred, removing the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. A new government led by Fidel Castro was later setup.
Cuba is home to over 11 million people and is the most populous island nation in the Caribbean, as well as the largest by area. Its people, culture, and customs draw from diverse sources, such as the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves and its proximity to the United States.
Cuba has a 99.8% literacy rate, an infant death rate lower than some developed countries, and an average life expectancy of 77.64. In 2006, Cuba was the only nation in the world which met the WWF's definition of sustainable development; having an ecological footprint of less than 1.8 hectares per capita and a Human Development Index of over 0.8 for 2007.
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