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The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government, created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the territory of the United States and protectorates from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters. In financial year 2011 it was allocated a budget of $98.8 billion and spent, net, $66.4 billion.
Whereas the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism. On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service falls under the National Protection and Programs Directorate.
With more than 200,000 employees, DHS is the third largest Cabinet department, after the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy.
According to the Homeland Security Research Corporation, the combined financial year 2010 state and local HLS markets, which employ more than 2.2 million first responders, totaled $16.5 billion, whereas the DHS HLS market totaled $13 billion. According to the Washington Post, "DHS has given $31 billion in grants since 2003 to state and local governments for homeland security and to improve their ability to find and protect against terrorists, including $3.8 billion in 2010."
According to Peter Andreas, a border theorist, the creation of DHS constituted the most significant government reorganization since the Cold War, and the most substantial reorganization of federal agencies since the National Security Act of 1947, which placed the different military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency. DHS also constitutes the most diverse merger of federal functions and responsibilities, incorporating 22 government agencies into a single organization.
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United States Department of Homeland Security Video
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| Audit of expenditures : |
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| Original Agency |
Original Department |
Current Agency or Office |
|---|
| U.S. Customs Service |
Treasury |
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
|
| Immigration and Naturalization Service |
Justice |
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
|
| Federal Protective Service |
General Services Administration |
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement |
| Transportation Security Administration |
Transportation |
Transportation Security Administration |
| Federal Law Enforcement Training Center |
Treasury |
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center |
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
(part) |
Agriculture |
U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
| Office for Domestic Preparedness |
Justice |
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA |
| Federal Emergency Management Agency |
none |
Federal Emergency Management Agency |
Strategic National Stockpile
National Disaster Medical System |
Health and Human Services |
Returned to HHS, July, 2004 |
| Nuclear Incident Response Team |
Energy |
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA |
| Domestic Emergency Support Teams |
Justice |
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA |
| National Domestic Preparedness Office |
FBI |
Responsibilities distributed within FEMA |
| CBRN Countermeasures Programs |
Energy |
Science & Technology Directorate |
| Environmental Measurements Laboratory |
Energy |
Science & Technology Directorate |
National Biological Warfare
Defense Analysis Center |
Defense |
Science & Technology Directorate |
| Plum Island Animal Disease Center |
Agriculture |
Science & Technology Directorate |
| Federal Computer Incident Response Center |
General Services Administration |
US-CERT, Office of Cybersecurity and Communications
National Programs and Predaredness Directorate |
| National Communications System |
Defense |
Office of Cybersecurity and Communications
National Programs and Predaredness Directorate |
| National Infrastructure Protection Center |
FBI |
Office of Operations Coodination
Office of Infrastructure Protection |
| Energy Security and Assurance Program |
Energy |
Office of Infrastructure Protection |
| U.S. Coast Guard |
Transportation |
U.S. Coast Guard |
| U.S. Secret Service |
Treasury |
U.S. Secret Service |
United States federal executive departments
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