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:This article is about the leader of Egypt. For other people named Muhammad Ali, or Mehmet Ali, see Muhammad Ali (disambiguation) and Mehemet Ali (disambiguation).
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha ( ) (Mehmet Ali Pasha in Albanian; Muhammed Ali Paša in Bosnian; Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa in Turkish) (4 March 1769 � 2 August 1849) was an Albanian who became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic, and cultural spheres that he instituted. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
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