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Indonesia

Indonesia
General information
Common nameIndonesia
Local nameRepublik Indonesia
NameRepublik Indonesia
MottoBhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese)
Unity in Diversity

National ideology: Pancasila 
Anthem

Indonesia Raya
"Great Indonesia"
CapitalJakarta
Largest citycapital
Official languagesIndonesian
DemonymIndonesian
Government
GovernmentUnitary presidential constitutional republic
PresidentSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Vice PresidentBoediono
LegislaturePeople's Consultative Assembly
Upper HouseRegional Representative Council
Lower HousePeople's Representative Council
IndependenceIndependence (following Dutch colonial rule and Japanese occupation)
Declared17 August 1945
Acknowledged27 December 1949
Geography
Total Area735355 sq mi (1904569.5 km2) (15th)
Water (%)4.85
Demography
Population census237,556,363 (2010)
Density (pop.)124.7/km2 (84th) (323.05/sq mi)
Economy
GDP PPP$1.029 trillion (2010)
GDP (PPP) per capita$4,394
GDP (nominal)$706.735 billion (2010)
GDP (nominal) per capita$3,015
Other information
Gini34.3 (2002)
HDI(+) 0.600 (2010) (medium) (108th)
CurrencyRupiah (IDR)
Time zonevarious (UTC+7 to +9)
- Summer (DST)not observed (UTC)
Drives on theLeft
Internet TLD.id
Calling code+62

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Indonesia (c-enaudio=En-us-Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 13,466 islands and 33 provinces. With over 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's eighteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and fifteenth largest by purchasing power parity.

The Indonesian archipelago has become an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest-and the politically dominant-ethnic group. Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism including rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread in contemporary Indonesia.


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