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Mediterranean Sea

Ocean NameMediterranean Sea
Image OceanMediterranean Sea political map-en.svg
Caption OceanComposite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea
Coords 
Basin CountriesAlgeria, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Palestinian Territories, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Gibraltar
Area2500000 km2 (965255.4 sqmi)
Depth1500 m (4921.3 ft)
Max-depth5267 m (17280.2 ft)
Residence Time80-100 years
Islands3300+

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The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Anatolia and Europe, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is technically a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a completely separate body of water.

The name Mediterranean is derived from the Latin mediterraneus, meaning "inland" or "in the middle of the earth" (from medius, "middle" and terra, "earth"). It covers an approximate area of 2.5 million km2 (965,000 sq mi), but its connection to the Atlantic (the Strait of Gibraltar) is only 14 km (8.7 mi) wide. In oceanography, it is sometimes called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea to distinguish it from mediterranean seas elsewhere.

The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1500 m (4921.3 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5267 m (17280.2 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea.

It was an important route for merchants and travelers of ancient times that allowed for trade and cultural exchange between emergent peoples of the region - the Mesopotamian, Persian, Egyptian, Phoenician, Carthaginian, Iberian, Greek and Byzantine, Roman and Italian, Illyrian, Thracian, Levantine, Gallic, Albanian, Armenian, Arabic, Berber, Jewish, Slavic and Turkish cultures. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. "For the three quarters of the globe, the Mediterranean Sea is similarly the uniting element and the centre of World History."


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