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Charles I of England

Charles I of England
Portrait by Anthony van Dyck, 1636
Issue
NameCharles I
King of England and Ireland (more...)
Reign27 March 1625 � 30 January 1649
Coronation2 February 1626
PredecessorJames I
SuccessorCharles II (de jure)
Council of State (de facto)
King of Scots (more...)
Reign27 March 1625 � 30 January 1649
Coronation2 February 1626
PredecessorJames VI
SuccessorCharles II
SpouseHenrietta Maria of France
Charles II
Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
James II & VII
Princess Elizabeth
Princess Anne
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
HouseHouse of Stuart
FatherJames VI of Scotland and I of England
MotherAnne of Denmark
Date of burial7 February 1649
Place of burialWindsor, England

Charles I of England

Personal information
NameSaint Charles Stuart
TitlesKing Charles the Martyr
Birth date19 November 1600(1600-11-19)
Birth placeDunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Venerated inAnglican Communion
BeatifiedKing of Scots (more...)
Canonized1660
Major shrineChurch of King Charles the Martyr
Feast30 January
PatronageSociety of King Charles the Martyr, artists

Charles I of England

NameCharles I of England
DipstyleHis Majesty
OffstyleYour Majesty
AltstyleSire

Charles I of England

NameCharles I, King of Scots
DipstyleHis Grace
OffstyleYour Grace
AltstyleSire

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Charles I (19 November 1600 � 30 January 1649) was the second son of James VI of Scots and I of England. He was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained. Many of his English subjects opposed his actions, in particular his interference in the English and Scottish Churches and the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent which grew to be seen as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch.

Religious conflicts permeated Charles's reign. His failure to successfully aid Protestant forces during the Thirty Years' War, coupled with such actions as marrying a Catholic princess, generated deep mistrust concerning the king's dogma. Charles further allied himself with controversial religious figures, such as the ecclesiastic Richard Montagu, and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles' subjects felt this brought the Church of England too close to the Catholic Church. Charles' later attempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish Parliaments and helped precipitate the king's downfall.

Charles' last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which he fought the forces of the English and Scottish Parliaments, which challenged the king's attempts to overrule and negate Parliamentary authority, whilst simultaneously using his position as head of the English Church to pursue religious policies which generated the antipathy of reformed groups such as the Puritans. Charles was defeated in the First Civil War (1642 � 45), after which Parliament expected him to accept its demands for a constitutional monarchy. He instead remained defiant by attempting to forge an alliance with Scotland and escaping to the Isle of Wight. This provoked the Second Civil War (1648 � 49) and a second defeat for Charles, who was subsequently captured, tried, convicted, and executed for high treason. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles' son, Charles II, though he became king at the death of his father, did not take up the reins of government until the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. In that same year, Charles I was canonised as Saint Charles Stuart and King Charles the Martyr by the Church of England and is venerated throughout the Anglican Communion.


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