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Vietnam

Vietnam
General information
Common nameVietnam
Local nameCộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
NameCộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
Motto 
"Independence � Freedom � Happiness"
Anthem
Tiến Quân Ca
"Army March" (first verse)
CapitalHanoi
Largest cityHo Chi Minh City
Official languagesVietnamese
Official scriptsVietnamese alphabet
DemonymVietnamese
Government
GovernmentUnitary socialist republic,
Single-party state
President 
Prime Minister 
General Secretary of the CPV 
LegislatureNational Assembly of Vietnam
FormationFormation
Đại Việt1054
French annexation1853 to 1883
Independence from France2 September 1945
Reunification2 July 1976
Current constitution15 April 1992
Geography
Total Area128565 sq mi (332983.4 km2) (65th)
Water %1.3
Demography
Population Est.90549390 (13th)
Population census85846997 (2009)
Density (pop.)257.8/km2 (46th) (668/sq mi)
Economy
GDP PPP$273.967 billion (2010)
GDP (PPP) per capita$3,104.179
GDP (nominal)$104.600 billion (2010)
GDP (nominal) per capita$1,168
Other information
Gini38 (2008) (medium)
HDI(+) 0.572 (2010) (medium) (113th)
Currency  (₫) (VND)
Time zoneICT (Indochina Time) UTC+7 (UTC+7)
- Summer (DST)No DST (UTC+7)
Drives on theright
Internet TLD.vn
Calling code84

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Vietnam, sometimes spelled Viet Nam (c-enaudio=En-us-Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( , ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea - referred to in Vietnam as the East Sea ( ) - to the east. With a population of over 89 million as of 2011, Vietnam is the 13th-most-populous country in the world, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country.

The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in AD 938, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished along with the nation's increasing geographic and political expansion into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Efforts to resist the French eventually led to their expulsion from the country in the mid-20th century, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two countries. Fighting between the two sides continued, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, ending with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.

Emerging from this prolonged military engagement, the war-ravaged Communist nation was politically isolated. In 1986, the government instituted economic and political reforms and began a path towards international reintegration. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with most nations. Its economic growth has been among the highest in the world since 2000, and according to Citigroup, such high growth is set to continue. Vietnam has the highest Global Growth Generators Index among 11 major economies, and its successful economic reforms resulted in it joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. However, the country still suffers from high levels of income inequality, disparities in healthcare provision, and poor gender equality.


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