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Proto-Norse language
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10.02 min. | 4.47 user rating |
Language subgroups | ||
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North * East * West North * East * Elbe * Weser-Rhine * North Sea | ||
Reconstructed | ||
Proto-Germanic | ||
Historical languages | ||
North | Proto-Norse * Old Norse * Old Swedish * Old Gutnish * Norn * Greenlandic Norse * Old Norwegian | |
East | Gothic * Crimean Gothic * Vandalic * Burgundian | |
West | Old Saxon * Middle Low German * Old High German * Middle High German * Old Frankish * Old Dutch * Middle Dutch * Old Frisian * Middle Frisian * Old English * Middle English * Early Scots * Middle Scots * Lombardic * Yola | |
Modern languages | ||
Afrikaans * Alemannic * Danish * Dutch * English * Faroese * German * Gutnish * Icelandic * Limburgish * Low German * Luxembourgish * North Frisian * Norwegian * Saterland Frisian * Scots * Swedish * West Frisian * Yiddish | ||
Diachronic features | ||
Grimm's law * Verner's law * Holtzmann's law * Sievers' law * Germanic substrate hypothesis * West Germanic gemination * High German consonant shift * Germanic a-mutation * Germanic umlaut * Germanic spirant law * Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law * Great vowel shift | ||
Synchronic features | ||
Germanic verb * Germanic strong verb * Germanic weak verb * Preterite-present verb * Grammatischer Wechsel * Indo-European ablaut | ||
Language histories | ||
English (phonology) * Scots (phonology) * German * Dutch * Danish * Icelandic * Swedish |