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Manchester

Manchester
Administration
Full nameCity of Manchester
Official nameCity of Manchester
Settlement typeCity & Metropolitan borough
Motto"Concilio Et Labore" "By wisdom and effort"
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionNorth West England
Ceremonial countyGreater Manchester
Admin HQManchester city centre
Founded1st century
Town charter1301
City status1853
Government
TypeMetropolitan borough, City
Governing bodyManchester City Council
Lord MayorMark Hackett
MPs:Paul Goggins (Lab)
Sir Gerald Kaufman (Lab)
John Leech (Lib Dem)
Tony Lloyd (Lab)
Graham Stringer (Lab)
Geography
Total Area44.6 sq mi (115.65 km2)
Elevation125 ft (38.1 m)
Demography
Total Population498800 (2011)
Density (pop.)4313/km2 (11170.7/sq mi)
DemonymMancunian
Other information
Time zoneGreenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
PostcodeM
Area code0161
OS grid reference 

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Manchester c-enaudio=en-uk-Manchester.oggˈmæntʃɛstər is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, which has an estimated population of 2.6 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and symbols include the Manchester bee.

Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian vicus associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as part of a process of unplanned urbanisation brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The urbanisation of Manchester largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era, resulting in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. As the result of an early-19th century factory building boom, Manchester was transformed from a township into a major mill town, borough and was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built creating the Port of Manchester.

Manchester was the site of the world's first railway station, hosted the first meeting of the Trades Union Congress and is where scientists first split the atom and developed the first programmable computer. The city is notable for its music scene and its sporting connections. Manchester's sports clubs include two Premier League football teams, Manchester City and Manchester United, currently FA Cup holders and Premier League champions respectively. Manchester has two universities, including the largest single-site university in the United Kingdom, and has one of the country's largest urban economies. Manchester is also the third-most visited city in the United Kingdom by foreign visitors, after London and Edinburgh, and the most visited in England outside London.


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