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The International Space Station (ISS) is an internationally-developed research facility, which is being assembled in low Earth orbit and is the largest space station ever constructed. On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is scheduled for completion by 2012. The station is expected to remain in operation until at least 2020, and potentially to 2028. Like many artificial satellites, the ISS can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. The ISS serves as a research laboratory that has a microgravity environment in which crews conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology. The station has a unique environment for the testing of the spacecraft systems that will be required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS is operated by Expedition crews, and has been continuously staffed since 2 November 2000-an uninterrupted human presence in space for the past . , the crew of Expedition 28 is aboard.

The ISS is a synthesis of several space station projects that includes the American Freedom, the Soviet/Russian Mir-2, the European Columbus and the Japanese Kibō. Budget constraints led to the merger of these projects into a single multi-national programme. The ISS project began in 1994 with the Shuttle-Mir program, and the first module of the station, Zarya, was launched in 1998 by Russia. Assembly continues, as pressurised modules, external trusses and other components are launched by American space shuttles, Russian Proton rockets and Russian Soyuz rockets. , the station consisted of 11 pressurised modules and an extensive integrated truss structure (ITS). Power is provided by 16 solar arrays mounted on the external truss, in addition to four smaller arrays on the Russian modules. The station is maintained at an orbit between 278 km (172.7 mi) and 460 km (285.8 mi) altitude, and travels at an average speed of 27,724 km (17,227 mi) per hour, completing 15.7 orbits per day.

Operated as a joint project between the five participant space agencies, the station's sections are controlled by mission control centres on the ground operated by the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the European Space Agency (ESA). The ownership and use of the space station is established in intergovernmental treaties and agreements that allow the Russian Federation to retain full ownership of its own modules, with the remainder of the station allocated between the other international partners. The station is serviced by Soyuz spacecraft, Progress spacecraft, space shuttles, the Automated Transfer Vehicle and the H-II Transfer Vehicle, and has been visited by astronauts and cosmonauts from 15 different nations. The cost of the station has been estimated by ESA as -100 billion over 30 years, although other estimates range from 35 billion dollars to 160 billion dollars. The financing, research capabilities and technical design of the ISS program have been criticised because of the high cost.

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ISS crew opens hatch of Progress M-08M cargo spaceship - The Voice of Russia The Voice of Russia--The Russian cosmonauts have opened the hatch of the Progress M-08M cargo spaceship, which has docked the -International Space Station- (ISS) on Saturday. ... - Date : Sun, 31 Oct 2010 14:38:26 GMT+00:00
Index - The Canadian Press The Canadian Press---...- but notice that retired Canadian astronaut Dave Williams still bursts with patriotic pride when describing his visit to the -International Space Station-. ... - Date : Sun, 31 Oct 2010 15:29:45 GMT+00:00
Clearwater astronaut Nicole Stott looks forward to second flight on 'Discovery' - Tampabay.com Tampabay.com--She's part of a six-person crew hoping to blast off Wednesday on a mission to the -International Space Station-. NASA had hoped to launch today, ... - Date : Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:37:33 GMT+00:00

Assembly : Pressurised modules
Module	Assembly mission	Launch date	Launch system	Nation	Isolated view	Notes
Zarya (lit. dawn) (FGB)	1A/R	November 20, 1998	Proton-K	Russia (builder) USA (financier)
The first component of the ISS to be launched, Zarya provided electrical power, storage, propulsion, and guidance during initial assembly. The module now serves as a storage compartment, both inside the pressurised section and in the externally mounted tanks which hold over 5.4 tons of fuel.
Unity (Node 1)	2A	4 December 1998	Space Shuttle , STS-88	USA
The first node module, connecting the American section of the station to the Russian section (via PMA-1), and providing berthing locations for the Z1 truss, Quest airlock, Destiny laboratory, Tranquility node and the PMM Leonardo.
Zvezda (lit. star) (service module)	1R	12 July 2000	Proton-K	Russia
The station's service module, which provides the main living quarters for resident crews, environmental systems and attitude & orbit control. The module also provides additional docking locations for Soyuz spacecraft, Progress spacecraft and the Automated Transfer Vehicle, and its addition rendered the ISS permanently habitable for the first time.
Destiny (US laboratory)	5A	7 February 2001	Space Shuttle , STS-98	USA
The primary research facility for US payloads aboard the ISS, Destiny is intended for general experiments. The module houses 24 International Standard Payload Racks, some of which are used for environmental systems and crew daily living equipment. Destiny also serves as the mounting point for most of the station's Integrated Truss Structure.
Quest (joint airlock)	7A	12 July 2001	Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-104	USA
The USOS airlock, Quest hosts spacewalks with both US EMU and Russian Orlan spacesuits. Quest consists of two segments; the equipment lock, that stores spacesuits and equipment, and the crew lock, from which astronauts can exit into space. This module has a separately controlled atmosphere. Crew sleep in this module, breathing a low nitrogen mixture the night before scheduled EVAs, to avoid decompression sickness (known as "the bends") in the low pressure suits.
Pirs (lit. pier) (docking compartment)	4R	14 September 2001	Soyuz-U, Progress M-SO1	Russia
Pirs provides the ISS with additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allows egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan spacesuits, in addition to providing storage space for these spacesuits.
Harmony (node 2)	10A	23 October 2007	Space Shuttle , STS-120	Europe (builder) USA (operator)
The second of the station's node modules, Harmony is the utility hub of the ISS. The module contains four racks that provide electrical power, bus electronic data, and acts as a central connecting point for several other components via its six Common Berthing Mechanisms (CBMs). The European Columbus and Japanese Kibō laboratories are permanently berthed to the module, and American Space Shuttle Orbiters dock with the ISS via PMA-2, attached to Harmonys forward port.
Columbus (European laboratory)	1E	7 February 2008	Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-122	Europe
The primary research facility for European payloads aboard the ISS, Columbus provides a generic laboratory as well as facilities specifically designed for biology, biomedical research and fluid physics. Several mounting locations are affixed to the exterior of the module, which provide power and data to external experiments such as the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF), Solar Monitoring Observatory, Materials International Space Station Experiment, and Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. A number of expansions are planned for the module to study quantum physics and cosmology.
Kibō Experiment Logistics Module (lit. hope and wish JEM � ELM)	1J/A	11 March 2008	Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-123	Japan
Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the ELM provides storage and transportation facilities to the laboratory with a pressurised section to serve internal payloads.
Kibō Pressurised Module (JEM � PM)	1J	31 May 2008	Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-124	Japan
Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the PM is the core module of Kibō to which the ELM and Exposed Facility are berthed. The laboratory is the largest single ISS module and contains a total of 23 racks, including 10 experiment racks. The module is used to carry out research in space medicine, biology, Earth observations, materials production, biotechnology, and communications research. The PM also serves as the mounting location for an external platform, the Exposed Facility (EF), that allows payloads to be directly exposed to the harsh space environment. The EF is serviced by the module's own robotic arm, the JEM � RMS, which is mounted on the PM.
Poisk (lit. 'search') (mini-research module 2)	5R	10 November 2009	Soyuz-U, Progress M-MIM2	Russia
Poisk is the second Russian airlock for spacewalks, almost identical to Pirs, but lacking Strela cargo cranes. It is one of the four main Russian docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and is used as an interface for scientific experiments.
Tranquility (node 3)	20A	8 February 2010	Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130	Europe (builder) USA (operator)
The third and last of the station's US nodes, Tranquility contains an advanced life support system to recycle waste water for crew use and generate oxygen for the crew to breathe. The node also provides four berthing locations for more attached pressurised modules or crew transportation vehicles, in addition to the permanent berthing location for the station's Cupola.
Cupola	20A	8 February 2010	Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130	Europe (builder) USA (operator)
The Cupola is an observatory module that provides ISS crew members with a direct view of robotic operations and docked spacecraft, as well as an observation point for watching the Earth. The module comes equipped with robotic workstations for operating the SSRMS and shutters to protect its windows from damage caused by micrometeorites. It features a 80 cm (31.5 in) round window, the largest window on the station.
Rassvet (lit. dawn) (mini-research module 1)	ULF4	14 May 2010	Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-132	Russia
Rassvet is being used for docking and cargo storage aboard the station.
Leonardo (Permanent Multipurpose Module)	ULF5	24 February 2011	Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-133	Italy (Builder) USA (Operator)
The Leonardo PMM houses spare parts and supplies, allowing longer times between resupply missions and freeing space in other modules, particularly Columbus. The PMM was created by converting the Italian Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module into a module that could be permanently attached to the station. The arrival of the PMM module marked the completion of the US Orbital Segment.

Assembly : Pressurised modules

Module

Assembly mission

Launch date

Launch system

Nation

Isolated view

Notes

Zarya

(lit. dawn)
(FGB)

1A/R

November 20, 1998

Proton-K

Russia (builder)
USA (financier)

The first component of the ISS to be launched, Zarya provided electrical power, storage, propulsion, and guidance during initial assembly. The module now serves as a storage compartment, both inside the pressurised section and in the externally mounted tanks which hold over 5.4 tons of fuel.

Unity
(Node 1)

4 December 1998

Space Shuttle , STS-88

USA

The first node module, connecting the American section of the station to the Russian section (via PMA-1), and providing berthing locations for the Z1 truss, Quest airlock, Destiny laboratory, Tranquility node and the PMM Leonardo.

Zvezda
(lit. star)
(service module)

12 July 2000

Proton-K

Russia

The station's service module, which provides the main living quarters for resident crews, environmental systems and attitude & orbit control. The module also provides additional docking locations for Soyuz spacecraft, Progress spacecraft and the Automated Transfer Vehicle, and its addition rendered the ISS permanently habitable for the first time.

Destiny
(US laboratory)

7 February 2001

Space Shuttle , STS-98

USA

The primary research facility for US payloads aboard the ISS, Destiny is intended for general experiments. The module houses 24 International Standard Payload Racks, some of which are used for environmental systems and crew daily living equipment. Destiny also serves as the mounting point for most of the station's Integrated Truss Structure.

Quest
(joint airlock)

12 July 2001

Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-104

USA

The USOS airlock, Quest hosts spacewalks with both US EMU and Russian Orlan spacesuits. Quest consists of two segments; the equipment lock, that stores spacesuits and equipment, and the crew lock, from which astronauts can exit into space. This module has a separately controlled atmosphere. Crew sleep in this module, breathing a low nitrogen mixture the night before scheduled EVAs, to avoid decompression sickness (known as "the bends") in the low pressure suits.

Pirs
(lit. pier)
(docking compartment)

14 September 2001

Soyuz-U, Progress M-SO1

Russia

Pirs provides the ISS with additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allows egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan spacesuits, in addition to providing storage space for these spacesuits.

Harmony
(node 2)

10A

23 October 2007

Space Shuttle , STS-120

Europe (builder)
USA (operator)

The second of the station's node modules, Harmony is the utility hub of the ISS. The module contains four racks that provide electrical power, bus electronic data, and acts as a central connecting point for several other components via its six Common Berthing Mechanisms (CBMs). The European Columbus and Japanese Kibō laboratories are permanently berthed to the module, and American Space Shuttle Orbiters dock with the ISS via PMA-2, attached to Harmonys forward port.

Columbus
(European laboratory)

7 February 2008

Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-122

Europe

The primary research facility for European payloads aboard the ISS, Columbus provides a generic laboratory as well as facilities specifically designed for biology, biomedical research and fluid physics. Several mounting locations are affixed to the exterior of the module, which provide power and data to external experiments such as the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF), Solar Monitoring Observatory, Materials International Space Station Experiment, and Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. A number of expansions are planned for the module to study quantum physics and cosmology.

Kibō Experiment Logistics Module
(lit. hope and wish JEM � ELM)

1J/A

11 March 2008

Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-123

Japan

Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the ELM provides storage and transportation facilities to the laboratory with a pressurised section to serve internal payloads.

Kibō Pressurised Module
(JEM � PM)

31 May 2008

Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-124

Japan

Part of the Kibō Japanese Experiment Module laboratory, the PM is the core module of Kibō to which the ELM and Exposed Facility are berthed. The laboratory is the largest single ISS module and contains a total of 23 racks, including 10 experiment racks. The module is used to carry out research in space medicine, biology, Earth observations, materials production, biotechnology, and communications research. The PM also serves as the mounting location for an external platform, the Exposed Facility (EF), that allows payloads to be directly exposed to the harsh space environment. The EF is serviced by the module's own robotic arm, the JEM � RMS, which is mounted on the PM.

Poisk
(lit. 'search')
(mini-research module 2)

10 November 2009

Soyuz-U, Progress M-MIM2

Russia

Poisk is the second Russian airlock for spacewalks, almost identical to Pirs, but lacking Strela cargo cranes. It is one of the four main Russian docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and is used as an interface for scientific experiments.

Tranquility
(node 3)

20A

8 February 2010

Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130

Europe (builder)
USA (operator)

The third and last of the station's US nodes, Tranquility contains an advanced life support system to recycle waste water for crew use and generate oxygen for the crew to breathe. The node also provides four berthing locations for more attached pressurised modules or crew transportation vehicles, in addition to the permanent berthing location for the station's Cupola.

Cupola

20A

8 February 2010

Space Shuttle Endeavour, STS-130

Europe (builder)
USA (operator)

The Cupola is an observatory module that provides ISS crew members with a direct view of robotic operations and docked spacecraft, as well as an observation point for watching the Earth. The module comes equipped with robotic workstations for operating the SSRMS and shutters to protect its windows from damage caused by micrometeorites. It features a 80 cm (31.5 in) round window, the largest window on the station.

Rassvet
(lit. dawn)
(mini-research module 1)

ULF4

14 May 2010

Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-132

Russia

Rassvet is being used for docking and cargo storage aboard the station.

Leonardo
(Permanent Multipurpose Module)

ULF5

24 February 2011

Space Shuttle Discovery, STS-133

Italy (Builder)
USA (Operator)

The Leonardo PMM houses spare parts and supplies, allowing longer times between resupply missions and freeing space in other modules, particularly Columbus. The PMM was created by converting the Italian Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module into a module that could be permanently attached to the station. The arrival of the PMM module marked the completion of the US Orbital Segment.

: Launch schedule
Module	Assembly mission	Launch date	Launch system	Nation	Isolated view	Notes
Nauka (lit. 'science') (Multipurpose Laboratory Module)	3R	May 2012	Proton-M	Russia
The MLM will be Russia's primary research module as part of the ISS and will be used for general microgravity experiments, docking, and cargo logistics. The module provides a crew work and rest area, and will be equipped with a backup attitude control system that can be used to control the station's attitude. Based on the current assembly schedule, the arrival of Nauka will complete construction of the Russian Orbital Segment and it will be the last major component added to the station.

: Launch schedule

Module

Assembly mission

Launch date

Launch system

Nation

Isolated view

Notes

Nauka
(lit. 'science')
(Multipurpose Laboratory Module)

May 2012

Proton-M

Russia

The MLM will be Russia's primary research module as part of the ISS and will be used for general microgravity experiments, docking, and cargo logistics. The module provides a crew work and rest area, and will be equipped with a backup attitude control system that can be used to control the station's attitude. Based on the current assembly schedule, the arrival of Nauka will complete construction of the Russian Orbital Segment and it will be the last major component added to the station.

Visiting spacecraft : Currently docked
	Spacecraft	Mission	Docking port	Docked	Undocking	Notes
RU	Soyuz TMA-21	Expedition 27/28	Poisk	6 April 2011 23:09	September 2011
RU	Progress M-10M	Progress 42 Cargo	Pirs	29 April 2011 14:29	25 October 2011
RU	Soyuz TMA-02M	Expedition 28/29	Rassvet	9 June 2011 21:18	November 2011
RU	Progress M-11M	Progress 43 Cargo	Zvezda aft.	23 June 2011 07:37	29 August 2011

Visiting spacecraft : Currently docked

Spacecraft

Mission

Docking port

Docked

Undocking

Notes

Soyuz TMA-21

Expedition 27/28

Poisk

6 April 2011 23:09

September 2011

Progress M-10M

Progress 42 Cargo

Pirs

29 April 2011 14:29

25 October 2011

Soyuz TMA-02M

Expedition 28/29

Rassvet

9 June 2011 21:18

November 2011

Progress M-11M

Progress 43 Cargo

Zvezda aft.

23 June 2011 07:37

29 August 2011

: Docking schedule
	Spacecraft	Launch	Mission	Docking	Docking port	Notes
US	Atlantis	8 July 2011	STS-135/ULF7	10 July 2011	Harmony forward
RU	Progress M-12M	30 August 2011	Progress 44 Cargo	1 September 2011	Zvezda aft
RU	Soyuz TMA-22	30 September 2011.	Expedition 29/30	2 October 2011	Poisk
US	Dragon C3	8 October 2011	Dragon Cargo	10 October 2011	Harmony nadir
RU	Progress M-13M	26 October 2011	Progress 45 Cargo	28 October 2011	Pirs
US	Dragon C4	7 December 2011	Dragon 1 Cargo	9 December 2011	TBD
US	Cygnus 1	14 December 2011	Cygnus 1 Cargo	16 December 2011	TBD
RU	Progress M-14M	27 December 2011	Progress 46 Cargo	29 December 2011	Pirs
RU	Soyuz TMA-03M	December 2011.	Expedition 30/31	December 2011	Rassvet
Japan	White Stork 3	12 January 2012	HTV-3 Cargo	17 January 2012	Harmony nadir
Europe	Edoardo Amaldi	29 February 2012	ATV-3 Cargo	7 March 2012	Zvezda aft
RU	Soyuz TMA-04M	March 2012.	Expedition 31/32	March 2012	Poisk

: Docking schedule

Spacecraft

Launch

Mission

Docking

Docking port

Notes

Atlantis

8 July 2011

STS-135/ULF7

10 July 2011

Harmony forward

Progress M-12M

30 August 2011

Progress 44 Cargo

1 September 2011

Zvezda aft

Soyuz TMA-22

30 September 2011.

Expedition 29/30

2 October 2011

Poisk

Dragon C3

8 October 2011

Dragon Cargo

10 October 2011

Harmony nadir

Progress M-13M

26 October 2011

Progress 45 Cargo

28 October 2011

Pirs

Dragon C4

7 December 2011

Dragon 1 Cargo

9 December 2011

TBD

Cygnus 1

14 December 2011

Cygnus 1 Cargo

16 December 2011

TBD

Progress M-14M

27 December 2011

Progress 46 Cargo

29 December 2011

Pirs

Soyuz TMA-03M

December 2011.

Expedition 30/31

December 2011

Rassvet

Japan

White Stork 3

12 January 2012

HTV-3 Cargo

17 January 2012

Harmony nadir

Europe

Edoardo Amaldi

29 February 2012

ATV-3 Cargo

7 March 2012

Zvezda aft

Soyuz TMA-04M

March 2012.

Expedition 31/32

March 2012

Poisk

Major components in orbit	Zarya (Functional Cargo Block) * Zvezda (Service Module) * Unity (Node 1) * Harmony (Node 2) * Tranquility (Node 3) * Destiny (Laboratory) * Columbus (Laboratory) * Kibō (PM, ELM-PS, EF) * Quest (Airlock) * Pirs (Airlock / Docking Module) * Rassvet (MRM 1) * Poisk (MRM 2) * Cupola * Integrated Truss Structure (ITS)
Subsystems in orbit	Canadarm2 (MSS) * Dextre (SPDM) * Kibō Remote Manipulator System * External Stowage Platforms (ESPs) * ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 1&2 (ELCs) * Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMAs) * Electrical System * Life Support System
Launched periodically	Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules (MPLMs) * Kibō (ELM-ES)
Scheduled for Shuttle	ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 3&4 (ELCs) * Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer * Leonardo (PMM) * OBSS
Scheduled for Proton	Nauka (Multipurpose Laboratory Module) * European Robotic Arm (ERA)
Not currently scheduled	ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 5 (ELC-5) * Interim Control Module (ICM) * Node 4
Cancelled	Propulsion Module * Centrifuge Accommodations Module (CAM) * Habitation Module * Crew Return Vehicle (CRV/ACRV) * Science Power Platform (SPP) * Universal Docking Module (UDM) * Russian Research Module (RM)
Support vehicles	Current: Space Shuttle * Soyuz * Progress * Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) * H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) Future: Dragon * Cygnus * Orion * Rus
Mission Control Centers	MCC-H (NASA) * TsUP (RKA) * Col-CC (ESA) * ATV-CC (ESA) * JEM-CC (JAXA) * HTV-CC (JAXA) * MSS-CC (CSA)

Completed:	Expedition 1 * Expedition 2 * Expedition 3 * Expedition 4 * Expedition 5 * Expedition 6 * Expedition 7 * Expedition 8 * Expedition 9 * Expedition 10 * Expedition 11 * Expedition 12 * Expedition 13 * Expedition 14 * Expedition 15 * Expedition 16 * Expedition 17 * Expedition 18 * Expedition 19 * Expedition 20 * Expedition 21 * Expedition 22 * Expedition 23
Current:	Expedition 24
Planned:	Expedition 25 * Expedition 26 * Expedition 27 * Expedition 28 * Expedition 29 * Expedition 30 * Expedition 31 * Expedition 32 * Expedition 33 * Expedition 34

Completed	STS-88 * STS-96 * STS-101 * STS-106 * STS-92 * Soyuz TM-31 * STS-97 * STS-98 * STS-102 * STS-100 * Soyuz TM-32 * STS-104 * STS-105 * Soyuz TM-33 * STS-108 * STS-110 * Soyuz TM-34 * STS-111 * STS-112 * Soyuz TMA-1 * STS-113 * Soyuz TMA-2 * Soyuz TMA-3 * Soyuz TMA-4 * Soyuz TMA-5 * Soyuz TMA-6 * STS-114 * Soyuz TMA-7 * Soyuz TMA-8 * STS-121 * STS-115 * Soyuz TMA-9 * STS-116 * Soyuz TMA-10 * STS-117 * STS-118 * Soyuz TMA-11 * STS-120 * STS-122 * STS-123 * Soyuz TMA-12 * STS-124 * Soyuz TMA-13 * STS-126 * STS-119 * Soyuz TMA-14 * Soyuz TMA-15 * STS-127 * STS-128 * Soyuz TMA-16 * STS-129 * Soyuz TMA-17 * STS-130 * STS-131 * STS-132
Current	Soyuz TMA-18 * Soyuz TMA-19
Planned	Soyuz TMA-01M * STS-133 * Soyuz TMA-20 * STS-134 * Soyuz TMA-21 * Soyuz TMA-02M * Soyuz TMA-22 * Soyuz TMA-03M * Soyuz TMA-04M * Soyuz TMA-05M * List of Constellation missions

Active
International Space Station (ISS) * Genesis I¹ and II¹ (private, Bigelow Aerospace)
Defunct

Soviet Union and Russia	Salyut (Salyut 1 * DOS-2² * Salyut 2^{1, 3} * Cosmos 557¹ * Salyut 3³ * Salyut 4 * Salyut 5³ * Salyut 6 * Salyut 7) * Polyus² * Mir
United States	Skylab
Cancelled
Manned Orbital Laboratory * Skylab B * Galaxy
ISS-incorporated
Space Station Freedom (USOS) * Columbus * Mir-2 (ROS)
Developmental

China	Project 921-2 (Tiangong 1 * Tiangong 2 * Tiangong 3)
Bigelow Aerospace	Sundancer * BA 330
Excalibur Almaz	Almaz commercial
Russia	OPSEK
Proposed
Rotating wheel * Bernal sphere * O'Neill cylinder * Stanford torus * Wet workshop * Space habitat * Industrial Space Facility

Active

International Space Station (ISS) * Genesis I¹ and II¹ (private, Bigelow Aerospace)

Defunct

Soviet Union
and Russia

Salyut (Salyut 1 * DOS-2² * Salyut 2^{1, 3} * Cosmos 557¹ * Salyut 3³ * Salyut 4 * Salyut 5³ * Salyut 6 * Salyut 7) * Polyus² * Mir

United States

Skylab

Cancelled

Manned Orbital Laboratory * Skylab B * Galaxy

ISS-incorporated

Space Station Freedom (USOS) * Columbus * Mir-2 (ROS)

Developmental

China

Project 921-2 (Tiangong 1 * Tiangong 2 * Tiangong 3)

Bigelow Aerospace

Sundancer * BA 330

Excalibur Almaz

Almaz commercial

Russia

OPSEK

Proposed

Rotating wheel * Bernal sphere * O'Neill cylinder * Stanford torus * Wet workshop * Space habitat * Industrial Space Facility

Active	Space Shuttle * ISS (joint) *
Previous	X-15 (suborbital) * Mercury * Gemini * Apollo * Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (with USSR) * Skylab * Shuttle-Mir (with Russia)
Canceled	MISS * Orion (nuclear) * Dyna-Soar * Manned Orbital Laboratory * National Aero-Space Plane * Space Station Freedom (now ISS) * Orbital Space Plane *
Future	Project Constellation (future uncertain)

Active	Soyuz * ISS (joint)
Past	Vostok * Voskhod * Salyut * Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (joint) * Mir * Shuttle-Mir Program (joint)
Cancelled	Zond (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1) * N1-L3 (Moon landing program) * TMK (Mars flyby program) * Spiral * Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS spacecraft * Energia / Buran * Kliper

General spaceflight
History (Space Race, Accidents and incidents) * Astrodynamics * Lists and timelines
Applications
Earth observation satellites (Spy satellites, weather satellites) * Space exploration * Space tourism * Satellite navigation * Space architecture * Space colonization
Human spaceflight

General	Astronaut * Life support system
Hazards	Weightlessness (space adaptation syndrome) * cosmic radiation
Major projects	Vostok * Mercury * Voskhod * Gemini * Soyuz * Apollo * Space Shuttle * Shenzhou * Mir * ISS * Constellation
Other	Extra-vehicular activity
Spacecraft
Launch vehicle * Space Shuttle * Robotic spacecraft * Spacecraft propulsion * Rocket
Destinations
Sub-orbital * Orbital (Geosynchronous orbit, Geocentric orbit) * Interplanetary spaceflight * Interstellar travel * Intergalactic travel
Space launch
Expendable and Reusable systems * Escape velocity * Direct ascent * Non-rocket spacelaunch * Spaceport * Launch pad
Main agencies
ESA * NASA * RKA * CNSA * ISRO * JAXA
Other
Private spaceflight * Space weather * Lagrangian point * Space and survival \|

General spaceflight

History (Space Race, Accidents and incidents) * Astrodynamics * Lists and timelines

Applications

Earth observation satellites (Spy satellites, weather satellites) * Space exploration * Space tourism * Satellite navigation * Space architecture * Space colonization

Human spaceflight

General

Astronaut * Life support system

Hazards

Weightlessness (space adaptation syndrome) * cosmic radiation

Major projects

Vostok * Mercury * Voskhod * Gemini * Soyuz * Apollo * Space Shuttle * Shenzhou * Mir * ISS * Constellation

Other

Extra-vehicular activity

Spacecraft

Launch vehicle * Space Shuttle * Robotic spacecraft * Spacecraft propulsion * Rocket

Destinations

Sub-orbital * Orbital (Geosynchronous orbit, Geocentric orbit) * Interplanetary spaceflight * Interstellar travel * Intergalactic travel

Space launch

Expendable and Reusable systems * Escape velocity * Direct ascent * Non-rocket spacelaunch * Spaceport * Launch pad

Main agencies

ESA * NASA * RKA * CNSA * ISRO * JAXA

Other

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International Space Station

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International Space Station Video

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Components of the International Space Station

Expeditions to the International Space Station

Human spaceflights to the International Space Station

Space stations and habitats

United States government human spaceflight programs

Soviet and Russian government manned space programs

Spaceflight