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Epiretinal membrane is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. It is also called macular pucker. Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). PVD can create minor damage to the retina, stimulating exudate, inflammation, and leucocyte response. These cells can form a transparent layer gradually and, like all scar tissue, tighten to create tension on the retina which may bulge and pucker (e.g. macular pucker), or even cause swelling or Macular edema. Often this results in distortions of vision that are clearly visible as bowing and blurring when looking at lines on chart paper (or an Amsler grid) within the macular area, or central 1.0 degree of visual arc. Usually it occurs in one eye first, and may cause binocular diplopia or double vision if the image from eye is too different from the image of the other eye. The distortions can make objects look different in size (usually larger=macropsia), especially in the central portion of the visual field, creating a localized or field dependent aniseikonia that cannot be fully corrected optically with glasses. Partial correction often improves the binocular vision considerably though. In the young (under 50 years of age), these cells occasionally pull free and disintegrate on their own; but in the majority of sufferers (over 60 years of age) the condition is permanent. The underlying photoreceptor cells, rod cells and cone cells, are usually not damaged unless the membrane becomes quite thick and hard; so usually there is no macular degeneration.

Epiretinal membrane Video

Dr. Vinicius Saraiva www.eyedoctor.com.br Epiretinal membrane and ILM peel with triamcinolone. Remocao de membrana epirretiniana e MLI com triancinolona.
2.45 min. | 0 user rating
Peeling a tenacious epiretinal membrane. Utilized a dilute triamcinolone solution to stain the membrane, then a pinch-and-peel technique with 23G end-grasping ILM forceps to remove the membrane.
1.00 min. | 0 user rating
Procedure consisting of vitrectomy using 23G instruments, posterior hyaloid separation, epiretinal membrane using end-grasping forceps, and air-fluid exchange. Gerardo Garcia-Aguirre, MD, Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, Mexico City
1.43 min. | 0 user rating
A patient was diagnosed with Terson Syndrome, bilateral vitreous hemorrhage and bilateral cataract. During the vitrectomy, an epiretinal membrane was found and removed. Fluid-air exchanged was done as well as closing of sclerotomies and conjunctiva (not shown). Se trata de un paciente con diagnostico de Sindrome de Terson, hemorragia vitrea y catarata bilateral. Durante la vitrectomia se encontro una membrana epirretiniana, la cual fue retirada. Se realizo intercambio liquido-aire y posteriormente cierre de esclerostomias y conjuntiva (no se muestra).
9.13 min. | 5.0 user rating
This is a case of a patient with diabetic retinopathy with macular edema and epiretinal membrane secondary, underwent cataract surgery and peeling of epiretinal membranes with improved vision
3.47 min. | 0 user rating
Retina Of Coastal Carolina www.localedge.com intracular tumors, macular holes, ocular trauma, epiretinal membrane, retinal detachment,Retina, eye diseases, retina tears, intraocular inflammation, vitreous disease, diabetic retinopathy,
0.78 min. | 0 user rating
Dr.Wael EL Gendy Macualr hole suregery, vitrectomy & ILM pealing.
3.97 min. | 1.0 user rating
Core vitrectomy , Kenacort (triamcinolone) staining, Macular pucker peeling The patient underwent phacoemulsification 1 year ago by another doctor. Extremely small CCC makes the macular pucker peeling more difficult.
3.92 min. | 0 user rating
This video shows a vitrectomy and epiretinal (macular pucker) peel using 25 gauge small incision instruments. The video was recorded with a high definition camera that I was demoing but the hospital did not purchase for me. This is my best macular pucker video and nicely shows the pucker as it is removed from the surface of the retina. This patient had vision loss for about 6 months from the macular pucker. After surgery, the visual acuity slowly improved from pre-op 20/100 to 20/30.
3.00 min. | 5.0 user rating
Macular pucker, ERM and ILM peeling under triamcinolone and ICG guide.
3.42 min. | 0 user rating

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Eye disease * pathology of the eye (H00-H59, 360-379)

Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe

Eye disease * pathology of the eye (H00-H59, 360-379)

Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe
Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe
subgroup
Fibrous tunic
sclera: Scleritis
cornea: Keratitis (Herpetic keratitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Fungal keratitis) * Corneal ulcer * Photokeratitis * Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy * Corneal dystrophy (Fuchs', Meesmann) * Keratoconus * Keratoconjunctivitis sicca * Keratoconjunctivitis * Corneal neovascularization * Kayser-Fleischer ring * Arcus senilis * Band keratopathy
Vascular tunic
Iris and ciliary bodyIritis * Uveitis (Intermediate uveitis) * Iridocyclitis * Hyphema * Rubeosis iridis * Persistent pupillary membrane * Iridodialysis * Synechia
ChoroidChoroideremia * Choroiditis (Chorioretinitis)
Lens
Cataract * Aphakia * Ectopia lentis |Retina |Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy |Other |Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi
Retina
Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy |Other |Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi
Other
Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi

Eye disease * pathology of the eye (H00-H59, 360-379)

Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe
Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe
subgroup
Fibrous tunic
sclera: Scleritis
cornea: Keratitis (Herpetic keratitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Fungal keratitis) * Corneal ulcer * Photokeratitis * Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy * Corneal dystrophy (Fuchs', Meesmann) * Keratoconus * Keratoconjunctivitis sicca * Keratoconjunctivitis * Corneal neovascularization * Kayser-Fleischer ring * Arcus senilis * Band keratopathy
Vascular tunic
Iris and ciliary bodyIritis * Uveitis (Intermediate uveitis) * Iridocyclitis * Hyphema * Rubeosis iridis * Persistent pupillary membrane * Iridodialysis * Synechia
ChoroidChoroideremia * Choroiditis (Chorioretinitis)
Lens
Cataract * Aphakia * Ectopia lentis |Retina |Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy |Other |Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi
Retina
Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy |Other |Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi
Other
Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi
Adnexa
eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) * Entropion * Ectropion * Lagophthalmos * Blepharochalasis * Ptosis * Blepharophimosis * Xanthelasma * eyelash (Trichiasis, Madarosis) lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis * Epiphora * Dacryocystitis * Xerophthalmia orbit: Exophthalmos * Enophthalmos * Orbital cellulitis * Periorbital cellulitis conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis (Allergic conjunctivitis) * Pterygium * Pinguecula * Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Globe
subgroup
Fibrous tunic
sclera: Scleritis
cornea: Keratitis (Herpetic keratitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Fungal keratitis) * Corneal ulcer * Photokeratitis * Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy * Corneal dystrophy (Fuchs', Meesmann) * Keratoconus * Keratoconjunctivitis sicca * Keratoconjunctivitis * Corneal neovascularization * Kayser-Fleischer ring * Arcus senilis * Band keratopathy
Vascular tunic
Iris and ciliary bodyIritis * Uveitis (Intermediate uveitis) * Iridocyclitis * Hyphema * Rubeosis iridis * Persistent pupillary membrane * Iridodialysis * Synechia
ChoroidChoroideremia * Choroiditis (Chorioretinitis)
Lens
Cataract * Aphakia * Ectopia lentis |Retina |Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy |Other |Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi subgroup |groupstyle=background-color: LemonChiffon |Optic nerve and
visual pathways |Optic neuritis * Papilledema * Optic atrophy * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Dominant optic atrophy * Optic disc drusen * Glaucoma * Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy * Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy |Ocular muscles,
binocular movement,
accommodation |
Paralytic strabismusOphthalmoparesis * Progressive external ophthalmoplegia * Palsy (III, IV, VI) * Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Other strabismusEsotropia/Exotropia * Hypertropia * Heterophoria (Esophoria, Exophoria) * Brown's syndrome * Duane syndrome
Other binocularConjugate gaze palsy * Convergence insufficiency * Internuclear ophthalmoplegia * One and a half syndrome
Retina
Retinitis (Chorioretinitis, Cytomegalovirus retinitis) * Retinal detachment * Retinoschisis * Ocular ischemic syndrome/Central retinal vein occlusion * Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) * Macular degeneration * Retinitis pigmentosa * Retinal haemorrhage * Central serous retinopathy * Macular edema * Epiretinal membrane * Macular pucker * Vitelliform macular dystrophy * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Birdshot chorioretinopathy
Ocular muscles,
binocular movement,
accommodation
Paralytic strabismusOphthalmoparesis * Progressive external ophthalmoplegia * Palsy (III, IV, VI) * Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Other strabismusEsotropia/Exotropia * Hypertropia * Heterophoria (Esophoria, Exophoria) * Brown's syndrome * Duane syndrome
Other binocularConjugate gaze palsy * Convergence insufficiency * Internuclear ophthalmoplegia * One and a half syndrome
Refraction
Refractive error: Hyperopia/Myopia * Astigmatism * Anisometropia/Aniseikonia * Presbyopia
Visual disturbances
and blindness
Amblyopia * Leber's congenital amaurosis * Subjective (Asthenopia, Hemeralopia, Photophobia, Scintillating scotoma) * Diplopia * Scotoma * Anopsia (Binasal hemianopsia, Bitemporal hemianopsia, Homonymous hemianopsia, Quadrantanopia) * Color blindness (Achromatopsia, Dichromacy, Monochromacy) * Nyctalopia (Oguchi disease) * Blindness/Low vision
Pupil
Anisocoria * Argyll Robertson pupil * Marcus Gunn pupil * Adie syndrome * Miosis * Mydriasis * Cycloplegia
Other
Glaucoma/Ocular hypertension * Floater * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Red eye * Keratomycosis * Phthisis bulbi subgroup |groupstyle=background-color: LemonChiffon |Optic nerve and
visual pathways |Optic neuritis * Papilledema * Optic atrophy * Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy * Dominant optic atrophy * Optic disc drusen * Glaucoma * Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy * Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy |Ocular muscles,
binocular movement,
accommodation |
Paralytic strabismusOphthalmoparesis * Progressive external ophthalmoplegia * Palsy (III, IV, VI) * Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Other strabismusEsotropia/Exotropia * Hypertropia * Heterophoria (Esophoria, Exophoria) * Brown's syndrome * Duane syndrome
Other binocularConjugate gaze palsy * Convergence insufficiency * Internuclear ophthalmoplegia * One and a half syndrome



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