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| Common name | Nepal | | Local name | Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl | | Name | Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl | | Motto | (Devanāgarī)
"Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven" | | Anthem | "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka" | | Capital | Kathmandu
( )|latd=27|latm=42|latNS=N|longd=85|longm=19|longEW=E | | Largest city | Kathmandu
( ) | | Official languages | Nepali | | Regional languages | Nepal Bhasa, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Gurung, Tamang, Magar, Awadhi, Sherpa, Kiranti, Limbu and other 100 different indigenous languages. | | Demonym | Nepali | | Government | Federal republic | | President | Ram Baran Yadav | | Prime Minister | Baburam Bhattarai (Maoist) | | Unification | Unification | | Kingdom declared | 21 December 1768 | | State declared | 15 January 2007 | | Republic declared | 28 May 2008 | | Total Area | 56827 sq mi (147181.9 km2) (94th) | | Water % | 2.8 | | Population Est. | 29331000 (40th) | | Population census | 26620000 (2011) | | Density (pop.) | 200/km2 (62nd) (518.1/sq mi) | | GDP PPP | $35.813 billion (2010) | | GDP (PPP) per capita | $1,270 | | GDP (nominal) | $15.836 billion (2010) | | GDP (nominal) per capita | $562 | | Gini | 47.2 (2003 � 04) (high) | | HDI | (+) 0.553 (2007) (medium) (144th) | | Currency | Nepalese rupee (NPR) | | Time zone | NPT (UTC+5:45) | | - Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+5:45) | | Drives on the | left | | Internet TLD | .np | | Calling code | +977 |
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Nepal (नेपाल) (c-enaudio=En-us-Nepal.oggnɛˈpɔːl -neneˈpalNepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147181 km2 (147181000000 m2) and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20000 ft (6096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.
By some measures, Hinduism is practised by a larger majority of people in Nepal than in any other nation. Buddhism, though a minority faith in the country, is linked historically with Nepal. Many Nepali do not distinguish between Hinduism and Buddhism and follow both religious traditions. There are three different buddhist traditions: Himalayan Buddhism, Buddhism of Kathmandu Valley (mostly Mahayana and Vajrayana), and also the Theravada Buddhism.
A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. However, a decade-long Civil War by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties led to the 12 point agreement of November 22, 2005. The ensuing elections for the constituent assembly on May 28, 2008 overwhelmingly favored the abdication of the Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic. The first President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, was sworn in on July 23, 2008.
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