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Azithromycin is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics, sold in the United States under the name Zithromax, and under a variety of brand names and generic labels worldwide. It is derived from erythromycin; however, it differs in chemical structure from erythromycin in that a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections, most often those causing middle ear infections, tonsillitis, throat infections, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Typhoid, and sinusitis. In recent years, it has been used primarily to prevent bacterial infections in infants and those with weaker immune systems. It is also effective against certain venereal diseases, such as non-gonococcal urethritis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and cervicitis. Recent studies have also indicated it to be effective against late-onset asthma, but these findings are controversial and not widely accepted. |