| Election Name | United States House of Representatives elections, 1994 |
Country | United States |
Type | legislative |
Ongoing | no |
Previous Election | United States House of Representatives elections, 1992 |
Previous Year | 1992 |
Next Election | United States House of Representatives elections, 1996 |
Next Year | 1996 |
Seats For Election | All 435 seats to the United States House of Representatives |
Election Date | November 8, 1994 |
Leader1 | Newt Gingrich |
Party1 | Republican Party (United States) |
Leaders Seat1 | Georgia-6th |
Last Election1 | 176 seats |
Seats1 | 230 |
Seat Change1 | +54 |
Percentage1 | 47.8% |
Swing1 | +5.1% |
Leader2 | Tom Foley |
Party2 | Democratic Party (United States) |
Leaders Seat2 | Washington-5th (defeated) |
Last Election2 | 258 seats |
Seats2 | 204 |
Seat Change2 | -54 |
Percentage2 | 44.0% |
Swing2 | -5.9% |
Title | Speaker |
Before Election | Tom Foley |
Before Party | Democratic Party (United States) |
After Election | Newt Gingrich |
After Party | Republican Party (United States) |
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The U.S. House election, 1994 was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8, 1994, in the middle of President Bill Clinton's first term. As a result of a 54-seat swing in membership from Democrats to Republicans, the Republican Party gained a majority of seats in the House for the first time since 1954.
The Democratic Party had run the House for all but four of the preceding 72 years. The Republican Party, united behind Newt Gingrich's Contract with America, which promised floor votes on various popular and institutional reforms, was able to capitalize on the perception that the House leadership was corrupt, as well as the dissatisfaction of conservative and many independent voters with President Clinton's actions (including a failed attempt at universal health care and gun control measures).
In a historic election, House Speaker Tom Foley (D-Washington) was defeated for re-election in his district, becoming the first Speaker of the House to fail to win re-election since the era of the American Civil War. Other major upsets included the defeat of powerful long-serving Representatives such as Ways and Means Chairman Dan Rostenkowski (D-Illinois) and Judiciary Chairman Jack Brooks (D-Texas). In all, 34 incumbents (all Democrats) were defeated, though several of them (like David Price of North Carolina, Ted Strickland of Ohio, and Jay Inslee of Washington) regained seats in later elections; Maria Cantwell of Washington won a U.S. Senate race in 2000. Republicans also won some seats that were left open by retiring Democrats. Democrats won four Republican-held seats where the incumbents were stepping down (Maine, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island). Democrats who were elected in this situation included current Rhode Island congressman and Kennedy family member Patrick J. Kennedy and current Maine governor John Baldacci. No Republican incumbent lost his or her seat in 1994.
Minority whip Newt Gingrich (R-Georgia), re-elected in the Republican landslide, became Speaker (previous Minority Leader Robert H. Michel having retired). Former Majority Leader Dick Gephardt (D-Missouri) became minority leader. The new Republican leadership in the House promised to bring a dozen legislative proposals to a vote in the first 100 days of the session, although the Senate did not always follow suit. The Republicans would remain the majority party of the House for the following 12 years, until the 2006 midterm elections.
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Michigan : |
District |
Incumbent |
Party |
Elected |
Status |
Opponent |
---|
|
Bart Stupak |
Democratic |
1992 |
Reelected |
Bart Stupak (D) 56.9% Gil Ziegler (R) 42.0% Michael McPeak (Natural Law) 1.1% |
|
Pete Hoekstra |
Republican |
1992 |
Reelected |
Pete Hoekstra (R) 75.3% Marcus Hoover (D) 23.7% Lu Wiggins (Natural Law) 1.0% |
|
Vern Ehlers |
Republican |
1993 |
Reelected |
Vern Ehlers (R) 73.9% Betsy J. Flory (D) 23.5% Barrie Leslie Konicov (L) 1.6% Susan H. Normandin (Natural Law) 1.0% |
|
David Lee Camp |
Republican |
1990 |
Reelected |
David Lee Camp (R) 73.1% Damion Frasier (D) 25.5% Michael Lee (Natural Law) 1.4% |
|
James A. Barcia |
Democratic |
1992 |
Reelected |
James A. Barcia (D) 65.5% William T. Anderson (R) 31.8% Larry L. Fairchild (I) 1.6% Susan I. Arnold (Natural Law) 1.2% |
|
Fred Upton |
Republican |
1986 |
Reelected |
Fred Upton (R) 73.5% David Taylor (D) 25.5% Ennis A. Berker (Natural Law) 1.0% |
|
Nick Smith |
Republican |
1992 |
Reelected |
Nick Smith (R) 65.1% Kim McCaughtry (D) 32.3% Ken Proctor (L) 1.9% Scott K. Williamson (Natural Law) 0.7% |
|
Bob Carr |
Democratic |
1982 |
Ran for U.S. Senate |
Dick Chrysler (R) 51.6% Bob Mitchell (D) 44.9% Gerald Ralph Turcotte, Jr. (L) 2.0% Susan Ilene McPeak (Natural Law) 1.4% |
|
Dale E. Kildee |
Democratic |
1976 |
Reelected |
Dale E. Kildee (D) 51.2% Megan O'Neill (R) 47.0% Karen Blasdell-Wilkinson (Natural Law) 1.7% |
|
David E. Bonior |
Democratic |
1976 |
Reelected |
David E. Bonior (D) 62.2% Donald J. Lobsinger (R) 37.7% |
|
Joe Knollenberg |
Republican |
1992 |
Reelected |
Joe Knollenberg (R) 68.2% Mike Breshgold (D) 30.5% John R. Hocking (Natural Law) 1.3% |
|
Sander M. Levin |
Democratic |
1982 |
Reelected |
Sander M. Levin (D) 52.0% John Pappageorge (R) 46.6% Jerome White (I) 0.7% Eric R. Anderson (Natural Law) 0.7% |
|
William D. Ford |
Democratic |
1964 |
Retired |
Lynn N. Rivers (D) 51.9% John A. Schall (R) 45.1% Craig L. Seymour (L) 1.8% Helen Halyard (I) 0.8% Gail Anne Petrosoff (Natural Law) 0.4% |
|
John Conyers |
Democratic |
1964 |
Reelected |
John Conyers (D) 81.5% Richard Charles Fournier (R) 16.6% Richard R. Miller (Natural Law) 1.9% |
|
Barbara-Rose Collins |
Democratic |
1990 |
Reelected |
Barbara-Rose Collins (D) 84.1% John W. Savage II (R) 14.1% Cynthia M. Jaquith (I) 0.7% Henry Ogden Clark (Natural Law) 0.6% Larry Roberts (I) 0.5% |
|
John Dingell |
Democratic |
1955 |
Reelected |
John Dingell (D) 59.1% Ken Larkin (R) 39.8% Noha Fouad Hamze (Natural Law) 1.1% |
New Jersey : |
District |
Incumbent |
Party |
Elected |
Status |
Opponent |
---|
|
Rob Andrews |
Democratic |
1990 |
Reelected |
Rob Andrews (D) 72.3% James N. Hogan (R) 27.7% |
|
William J. Hughes |
Democratic |
1974 |
Retired |
Frank LoBiondo (R) 64.6% Louis N. Magazzu (D) 35.4% |
|
Jim Saxton |
Republican |
1984 |
Reelected |
Jim Saxton (R) 66.4% James B. Smith (D) 31.2% D. James Hill (I) 1.7% Arthur Fulvio Croce (I) 0.6% |
|
Chris Smith |
Republican |
1980 |
Reelected |
Chris Smith (R) 67.9% Ralph Walsh (D) 30.6% Leonard P. Marshall (NJ Conservative) 1.0% Arnold Kokans (Natural Law) 0.5% |
|
Marge Roukema |
Republican |
1980 |
Reelected |
Marge Roukema (R) 74.2% Bill Auer (D) 21.9% William J. Leonard (I) 2.0% Roger W. Bacon (L) 1.5% Helen Hamilton (Natural Law) 0.3% |
|
Frank Pallone |
Democratic |
1988 |
Reelected |
Frank Pallone (D) 60.4% Mike Herson (R) 37.5% Charles H. Dickson (I) 1.2% Gary J. Rich (Conservative) 0.5% Richard Quinn (Natural Law) 0.4% |
|
Bob Franks |
Republican |
1992 |
Reelected |
Bob Franks (R) 59.6% Karen Carroll (D) 38.7% James J. Cleary (LaRouche) 1.4% Claire Greene (Natural Law) 0.3% |
|
Herbert Klein |
Democratic |
1992 |
Defeated |
William J. Martini (R) 49.9% Herbert Klein (D) 48.6% Bernard George (NJ Conservative) 1.6% |
|
Robert Torricelli |
Democratic |
1982 |
Reelected |
Robert Torricelli (D) 62.5% Peter J. Russo (R) 36.1% Gregory Pason (I) 0.9% Kenneth Ebel (Natural Law) 0.5% |
|
Donald M. Payne |
Democratic |
1988 |
Reelected |
Donald M. Payne (D) 75.9% Jim Ford (R) 21.9% Rose Monyek (I) 1.6% Maurice Williams (Socialist Workers) 0.6% |
|
Dean Gallo |
Republican |
1984 |
Deceased |
Rodney P. Frelinghuysen (R) 71.2% Frank Herbert (D) 28.0% Mary Frueholz (LaRouche) 0.6% Stuart Bacha (I) 0.2% |
|
Dick Zimmer |
Republican |
1990 |
Reelected |
Dick Zimmer (R) 68.3% Joseph D. Youssouf (D) 30.4% Anthony M. Provenzano (NJ Conservative) 1.3% |
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Bob Menendez |
Democratic |
1992 |
Reelected |
Bob Menendez (D) 70.9% Fernando A. Alonso (R) 25.2% Frank J. Rubino, Jr. (We the People) 1.6% Herbert H. Shaw (Politicians are Crooks) 1.4% Steven Marshall (Socialist Workers) 0.9% |
(1993 ←) United States elections, 1994 (→ 1995)
U.S. Senate | Arizona *
California *
Connecticut *
Delaware *
Florida *
Hawaii *
Indiana *
Maine *
Maryland *
Massachusetts *
Michigan *
Minnesota *
Mississippi *
Missouri *
Montana *
Nebraska *
Nevada *
New Jersey *
New Mexico *
New York *
North Dakota *
Ohio *
Oklahoma (Special) *
Pennsylvania *
Rhode Island *
Tennessee *
Tennessee (Special) *
Texas *
Utah *
Vermont *
Virginia *
Washington *
West Virginia *
Wisconsin *
Wyoming |
U.S. House | Alabama *
Alaska *
Arkansas *
Arizona *
California *
Colorado *
Connecticut *
Delaware *
Florida *
Georgia *
Hawaii *
Idaho *
Illinois
Indiana *
Iowa *
Kansas *
Kentucky *
Louisiana *
Maine *
Maryland *
Massachusetts *
Michigan *
Minnesota *
Mississippi *
Missouri *
Montana *
Nebraska *
Nevada *
New Hampshire *
New Jersey *
New Mexico *
New York *
North Carolina *
North Dakota *
Ohio *
Oklahoma *
Oregon *
Pennsylvania *
Rhode Island *
South Carolina *
South Dakota *
Tennessee *
Texas *
Utah *
Vermont *
Virginia *
Washington *
West Virginia *
Wisconsin *
Wyoming |
State governors | Alabama *
Alaska *
Arizona *
Arkansas *
California *
Colorado *
Connecticut *
District of Columbia *
Florida *
Georgia *
Hawaii *
Idaho *
Illinois *
Iowa *
Kansas *
Maine *
Maryland *
Massachusetts *
Michigan *
Minnesota *
Nebraska *
Nevada *
New Hampshire *
New Mexico *
New York *
Ohio *
Oklahoma *
Oregon *
Pennsylvania *
Rhode Island *
South Carolina *
South Dakota *
Tennessee *
Texas *
Vermont *
Wisconsin *
Wyoming |
States generally | Alabama *
Alaska *
Arizona *
Arkansas *
California *
Colorado *
Connecticut *
Delaware *
Florida *
Georgia *
Hawaii *
Idaho *
Illinois *
Indiana *
Iowa *
Kansas *
Kentucky *
Louisiana *
Maine *
Maryland *
Massachusetts *
Michigan *
Minnesota *
Mississippi *
Missouri *
Montana *
Nebraska *
Nevada *
New Hampshire *
New Jersey *
New Mexico *
New York *
North Carolina *
North Dakota *
Ohio *
Oklahoma *
Oregon *
Pennsylvania *
Rhode Island *
South Carolina *
South Dakota *
Tennessee *
Texas *
Utah *
Vermont *
Virginia *
Washington *
West Virginia *
Wisconsin *
Wyoming |