Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt, 1921
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Birth name | Sigismund Schlomo Freud | Birth date | 06 May 1856 | Birth place | Freiberg in Mähren, Moravia, Austrian Empire (now the Czech Republic) | Death date | 23 September 1939(age 83) | Death place | London, England, UK | Residence | Austria, UK | Nationality | Austrian | Fields | Neurology Psychiatry Psychology Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis
| Institutions | University of Vienna | Alma mater | University of Vienna | Known for | Psychoanalysis | Influences | Breuer, Charcot, Darwin, Dostoyevsky, Goethe, Haeckel, Hartmann, Jackson, Kant, Mayer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, Sophocles, J.P. Jacobsen | Influenced | John Bowlby Viktor Frankl Anna Freud Arthur Janov Ernest Jones Carl Jung Melanie Klein Jacques Lacan Fritz Perls Otto Rank Wilhelm Reich | Notable awards | Goethe Prize |
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Sigmund Freud (-deˈziːɡmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 � 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient, technically referred to as an "analysand", and a psychoanalyst. Freud redefined sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, created the theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship, and interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was an early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, and a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the history, interpretation and critique of culture.
While many of Freud's ideas have fallen out of favor or been modified by other analysts, and modern advances in the field of psychology have shown flaws in some of his theories, his work remains influential in clinical approaches, and in the humanities and social sciences. He is considered one of the most prominent thinkers of the 20th century, in terms of originality and intellectual influence.
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