Serial ATA
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Serial ATA

First-generation (1.5 Gbit/s) SATA ports on a motherboard
NameSATA
FullnameSerial ATA
CaptionFirst-generation (1.5 Gbit/s) SATA ports on a motherboard
Invent-date2003
ReplacesParallel ATA (PATA)
Speed1.5, 3.0, 6.0 Gbit/s
Styles
HotplugYes
ExternalYes (eSATA)

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Serial ATA (SATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA was designed to replace the older ATA (AT Attachment) standard (also known as EIDE). It is able to use the same low level commands, but serial ATA host-adapters and devices communicate via a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors. In contrast, the parallel ATA (the redesignation for the legacy ATA specifications) used 16 data conductors each operating at a much lower speed.

SATA offers several compelling advantages over the older parallel ATA (PATA) interface: reduced cable-bulk and cost (reduced from 80 wires to seven), faster and more efficient data transfer, and hot swapping.

The SATA host adapter is integrated into almost all modern consumer laptop computers and desktop motherboards. , SATA has replaced parallel ATA in most shipping consumer PCs. PATA remains in industrial and embedded applications dependent on CompactFlash storage although the new CFast storage standard will be based on SATA.

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Data : Pre-standard implementations
Pin # Function
1 Ground
2 A+ (transmit)
3 A− (transmit)
4 Ground
5 B− (receive)
6 B+ (receive)
7 Ground
8 Coding notch
A 7-pin Serial ATA right-angle data cable.

Power supply : Standard connector
Pin # Mating Function
  - Coding notch
1 3rd 3.3 V
2 3rd
3 2nd
4 1st Ground
5 2nd
6 2nd
7 2nd 5 V
8 3rd
9 3rd
10 2nd Ground
11 3rd Staggered spinup/activity
(in supporting drives)
12 1st Ground
13 2nd 12 V
14 3rd
15 3rd
A 15-pin Serial ATA power receptacle.
This connector does not provide the extended
pins 4 and 12 needed for hot-plugging.

: Slimline connector
Pin # Function
1 Device presence
2 5 V
3
4 Manufacturing diagnostic
5 Ground
6

: Micro connector
Pin # Function
1 3.3 V
2
3 Ground
4
5 5 V
6
7 Reserved
8 Vendor specific
9

SATA in comparison to other buses :
Name Raw bandwidth (Mbit/s) Transfer speed (MB/s) Max. cable length (m) Power provided Devices per Channel
eSATA 3,000 300 2 with eSATA HBA (1 with passive adapter)   1 (15 with port multiplier)
eSATAp  
SATA 600 6,000 600 1
SATA 300 3,000 300
SATA 150 1,500 150 1 per line
PATA 133 1,064 133.5 0.46 (18 in)   2
SAS 600 6,000 600 10 1 (>65k with expanders)
SAS 300 3,000 300
SAS 150 1,500 150
FireWire 3200 3,144 393 100 (more with special cables) 63 (with hub)
FireWire 800 786 98.25 100
FireWire 400 393 49.13 4.5
USB 3.0* 4,000 400 3   127 (with hub)
USB 2.0 480 60 5  
USB 1.0 12 1.5 3  
SCSI Ultra-320 2,560 320 12   15 (plus the HBA)
Fibre Channel
over optic fiber		 10,520 2,000 2 � 50,000 126
(16,777,216 with switches)
Fibre Channel
over copper cable		 4,000 400 12
InfiniBand
Quad Rate		 10,000 1,000 5 (copper)   1 with point to point
Many with switched fabric
Light Peak 10,000 1,250 100   Many

Computer bus & interconnection standards (wired)

Main articlesFront-side bus, Back-side bus, Daisy chain, Control bus, Address bus, Bus contention, Electrical bus
List of bus bandwidths
Computer bus standards (desktop) S-100 bus, MBus, SMBus, Q-Bus, ISA, Zorro II, Zorro III, CAMAC, FASTBUS, LPC, HP Precision Bus, EISA, VME, VXI, NuBus, TURBOchannel, MCA, SBus, VLB, PCI, PXI, HP GSC bus, CoreConnect, InfiniBand, UPA, PCI-X, AGP, PCI Express, Intel QuickPath Interconnect, HyperTransport, more...
Computer bus standards (portable)PC Card, ExpressCard
Storage bus standardsST-506, ESDI, SMD, Parallel ATA, DMA, SSA, HIPPI, USB MSC, FireWire (1394), Serial ATA, eSATA, SCSI, Parallel SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI, Fibre Channel, iSCSI
Peripheral bus standardsMultidrop bus, Apple Desktop Bus, HIL, MIDI, Multibus, RS-232 (serial port), DMX512-A, IEEE-488 (GPIB), EIA/RS-422, IEEE-1284 (parallel port), UNI/O, 1-Wire, I²C, SPI, EIA/RS-485, Parallel SCSI, USB, FireWire (1394), Fibre Channel, Camera Link, External PCI Express x16, Light Peak
Vehicle busesLIN, J1708, J1587, FMS, J1939, CAN, VAN, FlexRay, MOST



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