| Name | SQL | Paradigm | Multi-paradigm | Appeared in | 1974 | Designed by | Donald D. Chamberlin Raymond F. Boyce | Software developer | IBM | Stable release | SQL:2008 (2008) | Typing discipline | Static, strong | Major implementations | Many | Dialects | SQL-86, SQL-89, SQL-92, SQL:1999, SQL:2003, SQL:2008 | Influenced by | Datalog | Influenced | Agena, CQL, LINQ, Windows PowerShell | Operating system | Cross-platform | Usual file extensions | .sql |
Structured Query Language
|
Name | SQL |
Caption | Structured Query Language |
Extension | .sql |
Mime | application/x-sql |
Owner | IBM |
Released | 1986 |
Latest Release Version | SQL:2008 |
Latest Release Date | 2008 |
Genre | Database |
Standard | ISO/IEC 9075 |
Free | Yes |
Url | |
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SQL (officially like "S-Q-L" but often like "sequel"), often referred to as Structured Query Language, is a database computer language designed for managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS), and originally based upon relational algebra and calculus. Its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it became the most widely used database language.
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Cross-vendor portability : |
Year |
Name |
Alias |
Comments |
---|
1986 |
SQL-86 |
SQL-87 |
First formalized by ANSI. |
1989 |
SQL-89 |
FIPS 127-1 |
Minor revision, adopted as FIPS 127-1. |
1992 |
SQL-92 |
SQL2, FIPS 127-2 |
Major revision (ISO 9075), Entry Level SQL-92 adopted as FIPS 127-2. |
1999 |
SQL:1999 |
SQL3 |
Added regular expression matching, recursive queries, triggers, support for procedural and control-of-flow statements, non-scalar types, and some object-oriented features. |
2003 |
SQL:2003 |
SQL 2003 |
Introduced XML-related features, window functions, standardized sequences, and columns with auto-generated values (including identity-columns). |
2006 |
SQL:2006 |
SQL 2006 |
ISO/IEC 9075-14:2006 defines ways in which SQL can be used in conjunction with XML. It defines ways of importing and storing XML data in an SQL database, manipulating it within the database and publishing both XML and conventional SQL-data in XML form. In addition, it enables applications to integrate into their SQL code the use of XQuery, the XML Query Language published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), to concurrently access ordinary SQL-data and XML documents. |
2008 |
SQL:2008 |
SQL 2008 |
Legalizes ORDER BY outside cursor definitions. Adds INSTEAD OF triggers. Adds the TRUNCATE statement. |
Database management systems
Concepts | Database * ACID * CRUD * Null * Candidate key * Foreign key * Primary key * Superkey * Surrogate key * Armstrong's axioms |
Objects | Relation (Table) * View * Transaction * Log * Trigger * Index * Stored procedure * Cursor * Partition |
Components | Concurrency control * Data dictionary * JDBC * ODBC * Query language * Query optimizer * Query plan |