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Novocherkassk was founded in 1805 by Matvei Platov, as the administrative center of the Don Voisko Lands, when the inhabitants of the Cherkassk stanitsa were compelled to leave their abodes on the banks of the Don on account of the frequent inundations. Novocherkassk was capital of the Don Voisko Oblast. During the Russian Civil War, Novocherkassk was the heart of the Don counterrevolution and was under the command of Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin. The Red Army finally ousted the Whites from this town on January 7, 1920. During World War II, Novocherkassk was occupied by the German army between July 24, 1942 and February 13, 1943. In 1962, the local food riots were brutally suppressed by the Soviet Army in the event known as the Novocherkassk Massacre. Novocherkassk was once an archiepiscopal see of the Greek Orthodox Church and has a cathedral (1904), the palace of the ataman of the Cossacks, and monuments to Matvei Platov and Yermak Timofeyevich (Mikeshin, 1904). During the bicentenary celebrations in September 2005 another monument, dedicated to the reconciliation of White and Red Cossacks, was opened in the presence of the members of the Romanov family. |
