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New York

New York
US State
NicknameThe Empire State
MottoExcelsior (Latin)
Ever upward
Official languagesNone
DemonymNew Yorker
CapitalAlbany
Largest cityNew York City
Largest metro areaNew York City Metropolitan Area
Area
Area Ranked27th
Total54,556 sq mi 141300 km2
Width285 mi 455 km
Length330 mi 530 km
% water13.5
Population
Pop. Rank3rd
Total19,378,102 (2010 Census)
Density408.7 /sq mi 157.81 /km2
Elevation
Highest pointMount Marcy
5344 ft 1629 m
Mean1000 ft 305 m
Other information
Admission to UnionJuly 26, 1788 (11th)
GovernorAndrew Cuomo (D)
Lieutenant GovernorRobert Duffy (D)
LegislatureNew York Legislature
Upper houseState Senate
Lower houseState Assembly
U.S. SenatorsCharles Schumer (D)
Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
U.S. House delegation21 Democrats,
8 Republicans
Timezone
Time zoneEastern: UTC-5/-4

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New York (c-ennjuː_ˈjɔrk; locally -endianɪu ˈjɔək or -endianuː ˈjɔrken-us-New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from the city of New York.

New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. It is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center, and for its history as a gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.

New York was inhabited by the Algonquian, Iroquois, and Lenape Native American groups at the time Dutch settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. In 1609, the region was first claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch. Fort Nassau was built near the site of the present-day capital of Albany in 1614. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson River Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland. The British took over the colony by annexation in 1664.

The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were roughly similar to those of the present-day state. About one third of all the battles of the Revolutionary War took place in New York. New York became an independent state on July 9, 1776, and enacted its constitution in 1777. The state ratified the United States Constitution on July 26, 1788, to become the 11th member of the United States.


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