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Monaco c-enaudio=en-us-Monaco.oggˈmɒnəkoʊ, officially the Principality of Monaco ( ; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; ; ), is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy. Its area is 1.98 km2 (1.2 mi) with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco boasts the world's highest GDP nominal per capita at $151,630 and has the highest HDI (Human Development Index) at 0.946. Monaco also has the world's highest life expectancy at almost 90 years (CIA estimate, 2011), and the lowest Unemployment rate at 0%. With about workers who commute from France and Italy each day. After a recent expansion of Port Hercule Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (1.3 mi), with new plans to of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state. The House of Grimaldi has ruled Monaco since 1297, and the state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. Despite Monaco being independent and pursuing its own foreign policy course, its national defence is the responsibility of France. |