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The London Borough of Croydon ( ) is a London borough in South London, England and is part of Outer London. It covers an area of 87 km2 (33.6 sqmi) and is the largest London borough by population. It is the southernmost borough of London. At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name. Croydon is mentioned in the Domesday Book, and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London. Croydon is the civic centre of the borough and houses the largest office and retail centre in the south east of England outside central London. The borough is now one of London's leading business, financial and cultural centres, and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre.Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon, the borough is now part of the local government association for Greater London, London Councils. The borough has a long history which is based mainly around the economy of the area. The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre. Once London's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital, it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city. It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction. Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954, 2000 and 2002. The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon's bid to become London's Third City. Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation. It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria.The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England. Institutions such as the Warehouse Theatre and the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough. The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library, cinema and museum. Since 2000, Croydon has been home to an annual summer festival celebrating the area's cultural diversity, regularly gathering audiences of over 50,000 people. The borough is home to its own local TV station, Croydon TV. Professional English Football league club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood, a stadium they have been based in since 1924. Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace, an 18th century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops, Shirley Windmill, one of the few surviving large windmills in Surrey built in the 1800s, and the BRIT School, a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele, Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis.
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