Livonian Crusade

Military Conflict

Conflict

Livonian Crusade

Date

The 13th century

Location

Estonia, Latvia

Result

Terra Mariana
Duchy of Estonia

Crusaders * Sword-Brothers * Livonian Order *Denmark Denmark *Sweden Sweden

Indigenous peoples *Livonians *Latgalians *Selonians *Estonians **Oeselians *Curonians *Semigallians

Crusaders
Albert of Riga
Anders Sunesen
Caupo of Turaida †
Theoderich von Treyden†
Valdemar I of Denmark
Volquin†
Wenno
Wilken von Endorp†
Tālivaldis of Tālava†

Indigenous peoples
Ako of Salaspils†
Vesceka of Kukenois†
Visvaldis of Jersika
Lembitu of Lehola†
Viestards of Tērvete
Nameisis of Zemgale

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The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades. The lands on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea were the last corners of Europe to be Christianized.

On 2 February 1207 in the territories conquered an ecclesiastical state called Terra Mariana was establish as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by pope Innocent III in 1215 as a subject to the Holy See.

After the success of the crusade, the German- and Danish-occupied territory was divided into six feudal principalities by William of Modena.

Livonian Crusade

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