Leonese language
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Leonese language

NameLeonese language
NativenameLlengua Llionesa, llionés
StatesSpain
Portugal
Regionprovinces of León (north and west) and Zamora (north-west), in Spain, and the towns of Rionor and Guadramil in northeastern Portugal
FamilycolorIndo-European
Fam2Italic
Fam3Romance
Fam4Italo-Western
Fam5Gallo-Iberian
Fam6Ibero-Romance
Fam7West Iberian
Fam8Astur-Leonese
AgencyNone
NationSpecial protection status in Castile and Leon, Spain
Speakers50,000
Iso2ast
Iso3ast

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The Leonese language (llengua llionesa, in Leonese; often called, for smaller areas, by traditional names corresponding to those areas, such as cabreirés, senabrés, paḷḷuezu, etc.) is the term used to refer to all vernacular Romance dialects of the Astur-Leonese linguistic group in the Spanish provinces of León and Zamora; Astur-Leonese also includes the dialects of Asturian in Asturias and the Mirandese language of Miranda do Douro in Portugal. Leonese has no written policy officially regulated. Some associations have proposed a standard, different from those existing in the rest of the linguistic domain (such as that applicable in Asturias, regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language, or the Lhéngua Mirandesa Anstituto applicable to Miranda of Miranda do Douro). On the other hand, other Leonese writers and associations intend to follow the spelling rules of the Academy of the Asturian Language.

The term Leonese has also been used historically by some authors to refer to the whole linguistic region, which extends from Cantabria to Extremadura and is known primarily as the Astur-Leonese linguistic group. Some authors speak of a Leonese language or historical dialect from Latin, and of Asturian and Mirandese as co-dialects of Leonese .

The varieties of Spanish spoken in most of the old province of León (which includes the modern provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca) share some traits with Leonese.

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Leonese and Romance languages : Comparative tables
Evolution from Latin to Galician, Asturleonese and Castilian
LATIN GALICIAN ASTURLEONESE CASTILIAN
Diphthongization of 'o' and 'e'
Portam (Door) PORTA PUERTA PUERTA
Oculum (eye) OLLO GÜEYU/GÜECHU OJO
Tempum (time) TEMPO TIEMPU TIEMPO
Terram (land) TERRA TIERRA TIERRA
F- (initial position)
Facere (make) FACER FACERE HACER
Ferrum (iron) FERRO FIERRU HIERRO
L � (initial position)
Larem (fireplace) LAR LLAR/TSAR LAR
Lupum (wolf) LOBO LLOBU/TSOBU LOBO
N � (initial position)
Nativitatem (Christmas) NADAL ÑAVIDÁ NAVIDAD
pl-,cl-,fl- groups
Planum (flat) CHAN CHANU/LLANU LLANO
Clavem (key) CHAVE CHAVE/LLAVE LLAVE
Flamam (flame) CHAMA CHAMA/LLAMA LLAMA
Falling diphthongs
Causam (thing) COUSA COUSA/COSA COSA
Ferrarium (blacksmith) FERREIRU FERREIRU/-ERU HERRERO
� kt- and � lt- groups
Factum (made) FEITO FEITU/FECHU HECHO
Noctem (night) NOITE NUEITE/NUECHE NOCHE
Multum (much) MUITO MUEITU/MUCHU MUCHO
Auscultare (listen) ESCOITAR ESCUEITARE/-CHARE ESCUCHAR
m´n groups
Hominem (man) HOME HOME HOMBRE
Faminem (hunger, famine) FAME FAME HAMBRE
Luminem (fire) LUME LLUME/TSUME LUMBRE
intervocalic -l-
Gelu (ice) XEO XELU HIELO
Filictum (fern) FIEITO FELEITU/-EICHU HELECHO
-ll-
Castellum (castle) CASTELO CASTIELLU/-IETSU CASTILLO
intervocalic -n-
Ranam (frog) RA RANA RANA
� lj- group
Mulierem (woman) MULLER MUYER/MUCHER MUJER
c´l, t´l, g´l groups
Novaculam (razor) NAVALLA ÑAVAYA NAVAJA
Vetulum (old) VELLO VIEYU/VIECHU VIEJO
Tegulam (tile) TELLA TEYA TEJA

Top-level domain for Leonese language :
+1st Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood)
Dialect Location Linguistic variety Text
Carreño's dialect (asturian) Asturias Central asturleonese Tolos seres humanos nacen llibres y iguales en dignidá y drechos y, pola mor de la razón y la conciencia de so, han comportase fraternalmente los unos colos otros.
Somiedo's dialect (asturian) Asturias Occidental asturleonese Tódolos seres humanos nacen ḷḷibres ya iguales en dignidá ya dreitos ya, dotaos cumo tán de razón ya conciencia, han portase fraternalmente los unos conos outros.
Paḷḷuezu (Leonese) León Occidental asturleonese Tódolos seres humanos nacen ḷḷibres ya iguales en dignidá ya dreitos ya, dotaos cumo tán de razón ya conciencia, han portase fraternalmente los unos conos outros.
Cabreirés (Leonese) León Occidental asturleonese Tódolos seres humanos ñacen llibres y iguales en dignidá y dreitos y, dotaos cumo están de razón y concéncia, han portase fraternalmente los unos pa coños outros.
Mirandese Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) Occidental asturleonese Todos ls seres houmanos nácen lhibres i eiguales an denidade i an dreitos. Custuituídos de rezon i de cuncéncia, dében portar-se uns culs outros an sprito de armandade.



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