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John J. Pershing

Personal information
NameJohn Joseph Pershing
NicknameBlack Jack
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1886 � 1924
RankGeneral of the Armies
Service numberO-1
Commands held8th Brigade
American Expeditionary Force
First United States Army
Army Chief of Staff
Mexican Expedition
Battles/warsIndian Wars *Apache Wars *Sioux Wars Spanish-American War *Battle of San Juan Hill Philippine-American War *Moro Rebellion Russo-Japanese War
Mexican Revolution *Pancho Villa Expedition World War I *Western Front
AwardsDistinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Légion d'honneur

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John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB (Hon) (September 13, 1860 � July 15, 1948), was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. Pershing is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army-General of the Armies (a retroactive Congressional edict passed in 1976 promoted George Washington to the same rank but with higher seniority). Pershing holds the first United States officer service number (O-1). He was regarded as a mentor by the generation of American generals who led the United States Army in Europe during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley, and George S. Patton.


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