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Hyder Ali ( , Haidarālī; , Haidar Alī; c. 1720 � 7 December 1782, 2 Muharram 1197 in the Islamic calendar) was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born Hyder Naik, he distinguished himself militarily, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's rulers. Rising to the post of dalwai, or commander-in-chief to Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, he came to dominate the titular monarch and the Mysore government, and eventually seized control of all of the reins of power. He expanded the kingdom's borders at the expense of the Maratha Empire and Hyderabad (among others), and was one of the few local rulers to effectively blunt British military advances during two wars. In the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars he came within striking distance of the British outpost at Madras. Hyder's rule of Mysore was characterized by frequent warfare with his neighbors, and rebellion within his territories. This was not unusual for the time, as much of the Indian subcontinent was then in turmoil, with the Hindu Maratha Empire struggling with the remnants of the Muslim Mogul Empire. He was a shrewd leader, and left his son Tipu Sultan a kingdom that was significantly larger than when he first took it over. He organized his military in part along European lines, and was a pioneer in the military use of rocketry. He had at least two wives, and fathered at least three children. |
