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England

Vertical red cross on a white background
Stylised image of three golden coloured lions, heads facing left, one above the other, on a dark red background
England
Map of England within the British Isles and within Europe
General information
Common nameEngland
Motto  (French)
"God and my right"
AnthemNone (de jure)
God Save the Queen (de facto)
CapitalLondon
Largest citycapital
Official languagesEnglish (de facto) 
Regional languagesCornish
Ethnic groups87.5% White, 6.0% South Asian, 2.9% Black, 1.9% Mixed race, 0.8% Chinese, 0.8% Other (2009
)
DemonymEnglish
Government
GovernmentNon-devolved state within a constitutional monarchy
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime Minister of the United KingdomDavid Cameron MP
LegislatureParliament of the United Kingdom
Geography
Total Area50346 sq mi (130396.1 km2)
Demography
Population Est.51,446,000
Population census49138831 (2001)
Density (pop.)395/km2 (1023.1/sq mi)
Economy
Other information
CurrencyPound sterling (GBP)
Time zoneGMT (UTC0)
- Summer (DST)BST (UTC+1)
Date formatsdd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Drives on theleft
Internet TLD.uk 
Calling code44
Patron saintSaint George

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England c-enaudio=en-us-England.oggˈɪŋɡlənd is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law-the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world-developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities.

The Kingdom of England-which after 1284 included Wales-was a sovereign state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State was established as a separate dominion, but the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 reincorporated into the kingdom six Irish counties to officially create the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


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