Detail of Franz Roubaud's panoramic painting The Siege of Sevastopol (1904).
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| Conflict | Crimean War | | Date | October 1853 � February 1856 | | Location | Crimean Peninsula, Caucasus, Balkans, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea, Far East | | Result | Allied victory, Treaty of Paris | Flag of France.svg French Empire
Ottoman Empire
UKGBI
Kingdom of Sardinia | | Russian Empire | Napoléon III
Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
François Certain Canrobert
Aimable Pélissier
François Achille Bazaine
Patrice de Mac-Mahon
Ottoman Empire Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire Omar Pasha
Ottoman Empire Antoni Aleksander Iliński
UKGBI Earl of Aberdeen
UKGBI Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet
UKGBI Lord Raglan
UKGBI Sir James Simpson
UKGBI Sir William Codrington
Kingdom of Sardinia Conte di Cavour
Kingdom of Sardinia Alfonso La Marmora | Russian Empire Nicholas I
Russian Empire Aleksandr II
Russian Empire Prince Menshikov
Russian Empire Pavel Nakhimov
Russian Empire Vasily Zavoyko
Russian Empire Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky
Russian Empire Yevfimy Putyatin
Russian Empire Vladimir Istomin
Russian Empire Count Tolstoy | total: 1,000,000
400,000 French
300,000 Ottoman
250,000 British
15,000 Sardinians
4,250 German legion
2,200 Swiss legion
2,000 Italian legion
1,500 Polish legion | total: 720,000
700,000 Russians
7,000 Bulgarian legion
6,000 Montenegrin legion
6,000 Serbian legion
2,000 Greek legion | total: from 300,000 to 375,000 dead
Ottoman: total dead est. 175,300
French: 95 000 of which 10,240 killed in action; 20,000 died of wounds; ca 60,000 died of disease
British: 2,755 killed in action; 2,019 died of wounds; 16,323 died of disease
Sardinians: 2,050 died from all causes
total dead est. 50,000 | total: 220,000 dead:
80,000 killed in action
40,000 died of wounds
100,000 died of disease |
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The Crimean War (pronounced c-enkraɪ'miən or c-enkrɪ'miən) (October 1853 � February 1856) was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. Most of the conflict took place on the Crimean Peninsula, but there were smaller campaigns in western Anatolia, Caucasus, the Baltic Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the White Sea.
The war has gone by different names. In Russia it is also known as the "Eastern War" ( , Vostochnaya Voina), and in Britain at the time it was sometimes known as the "Russian War".
The Crimean War is known for the logistical and tactical errors during the land campaign on both sides (the naval side saw a successful Allied campaign which eliminated most of the ships of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea). Nonetheless, it is sometimes considered to be one of the first "modern" wars as it "introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare," including the first tactical use of railways and the telegraph. It is also famous for the work of Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole, who pioneered modern nursing practices while caring for wounded British soldiers.
The Crimean War was one of the first wars to be documented extensively in written reports and photographs: notably by William Russell (for The Times newspaper) and Roger Fenton respectively. News correspondence reaching Britain from the Crimea was the first time the public were kept informed of the day-to-day realities of war.
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