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Chinese Civil War

Chinese Civil War
People's Liberation Army attacking government defensive positions in Shangtang
Military Conflict
ConflictChinese Civil War
DateEncirclement Campaigns; April 1927 - December 1936
Intermittent clashes; January 1941 - July 1945
Full-scale war; March 1946 - May 1950
War declared over by the ROC in 1991
LocationChina
Status* Communist military victory in mainland China * People's Republic of China established on mainland China * Government of the Republic of China relocated to Taipei * No armistice or peace treaty signed
Republic of China
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Communist Party of China
After 1949:
People's Republic of China
ROC Chiang Kai-shek
ROC Bai Chongxi
ROC Chen Cheng
ROC Li Zongren
ROC Yan Xishan
ROC He Yingqin
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Mao Zedong
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Zhu De
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Peng Dehuai
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Lin Biao
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg He Long
4,300,000 (July 1945)
3,650,000 (June 1948)
1,490,000 (June 1949)
1,200,000 (July 1945)
2,800,000 (June 1948)
4,000,000 (June 1949)
1928 � 1936: ~2,000,000 Military Casualties 1945 � 1949: ~1-3 million dead

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The Chinese Civil War (1927-1949/1950) was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party), the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China (CPC), for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China (now commonly known as Taiwan) and People's Republic of China (Mainland China). The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition.

The war represented an ideological split between the Nationalist KMT, and the Communist CPC. In mainland China today, the last three years of the war (1947 � 1949) are more commonly known as the War of Liberation.

The civil war continued intermittently until the Second Sino-Japanese War interrupted it, resulting in the two parties forming a Second United Front. Japan's campaign was defeated in 1945, marking the end of World War II, and China's full-scale civil war resumed in 1946. After a further four years, 1950 saw a cessation of major military hostilities—with the newly founded People's Republic of China controlling mainland China (including Hainan Island), and the Republic of China's jurisdiction being restricted to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and several outlying islands.

To this day, since no armistice or peace treaty has ever been signed, there is controversy as to whether the Civil War has legally ended. Today, the entities on the two sides of the Taiwan strait have close economic ties.


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