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Battle of Issus

Military Conflict
ConflictBattle of Issus
DateNovember 5, 333 BC
LocationIssus, Turkey
ResultDecisive Macedonian victory.
Territorial
changes		Alexander controls southern Asia Minor.
Greeks
Under Alexander
Achaemenid Empire
Greek mercenaries
Alexander the Great
Darius III
Arsames †
Reomithres †
Atizyes †
Bubaces †
Sabaces †
40,850 in total:
13,000 peltasts,
22,000 heavy infantry,
5,850 cavalry
25,000 in total (Delbrück)
108,000 in total (Warry)
(See below)
7000
~20,000

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The Battle of Issus (or the Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops, led by the young Alexander of Macedonia, defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia. After Alexander's forces successfully forced a crossing of the Hellespont (the Dardanelles) and defeated the Persian satraps in a prior encounter, the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal charge of his army, gathered a large army from the depths of the empire, and maneuvered to cut the Macedonian line of supply, requiring Alexander to countermarch his forces, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and south of the village of Issus.

Eventual accounts tell of bodies piled within the waters high enough to dam its flow, and the river running red with blood. So while Alexander is known to have repeatedly emphasized the importance of maintaining contact with the beach to his sub-commander on the left (seaward) flank, it is safe to assume a lot of action that day along all the water course in its 2.5 km travel through the narrow and hilly coastal plain that prevented the Persians, with their greater numbers, from outflanking the attacking Greeks.

Initially, Alexander chose what was apparently unfavorable ground to attack across (rough, briar choked, uphill) which was in fact a feint meant to pin and hold the Persian forces. This surprised Darius who mistakenly elected to hold position while Alexander then led the true attack personally on the right while instructing the Macedonian phalanx trained infantry, his main body, to make contact and just hold the main Persian army in check; thus in essence he advanced to take up a defensive posture. Meanwhile Alexander personally led the more elite Macedonian Companion cavalry against the Persian left up against the hills, and cut up the enemy on the less encumbering terrain generating a quick rout. After achieving a breakthrough, Alexander demonstrated he could do the difficult and held the cavalry successfully in check after it broke the Persian right. Alexander regrouped, then turned the body into the right flank of the Persian center, butchering Darius' body guard and under generals, provoking a panic and flight by that emperor himself, and causing a general rout. Any subsequent pursuit of Darius was delayed and generally impeded by the fleeing Persian troops and camp followers, although he managed to follow Darius' chariot until after dark some 24 to 25 km before giving up the chase.

Battle of Issus Video

In thefootsteps of Alexander the Great In this award winning adventure Micheal Wood embarks on a 2000 mile journey in the foot steps of Alexander's triumphal march from Greece to India. Travelling with Lebanese traders, Iranian pilgrims and Afghan guerillas, by jeep, train, boat, camel and on foot, he interweaves the momentous events of the past with present day reality and brings us new insights into a man whose myth and acheivements still resonate down the centuries - The Battle of Issus (or more commonly The Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops led by the young Alexander of Macedonia, outnumbered more than 2:1, defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia. After Alexander's forces successfully forced a crossing of the Hellespont (the Dardanelles) and defeated the Persian satraps in a prior encounter, the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal charge of his army, gathered a large army from the depths of the empire, and maneuvered to cut the Greek line of supply, requiring Alexander to countermarch his forces, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and south of the village of Issus. Eventual accounts tell of bodies piled within the waters high enough to dam its flow and that the river ran red with blood. So while Alexander is known to have repeatedly emphasized the importance of maintaining contact with the beach to <b>...</b>
6.28 min. | 4.81 user rating		 After Alexander's forces successfully defeated the Persians at the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal charge of his army, gathered a large army from the depths of the empire, and maneuvered to cut the Greek line of supply, requiring Alexander to countermarch his forces, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and south of the village of Issus. Darius was apparently unaware that, by deciding to stage the battle on a river bank, he was minimizing the numerical advantage his army had over Alexander's. Initially, Alexander chose what was apparently unfavorable ground. This surprised Darius who mistakenly elected to hold the wrong position while Alexander instructed his infantry to take up a defensive posture. Alexander personally led the more elite Greek Companion cavalry against the Persian left up against the hills, and cut up the enemy on the less encumbering terrain generating a quick rout. After achieving a breakthrough, Alexander demonstrated he could do the difficult and held the cavalry successfully in check after it broke the Persian right. Alexander then mounted his beloved horse Bucephalus at the head of his Companion cavalry and led a direct assault against Darius. The horses that were pulling Darius' chariot were injured, and began tossing at the yoke. Darius, about to fall off his chariot, instead jumped off. He tossed off his royal diadem, mounted a horse, and fled the scene. The Persian troops, realizing they had lost <b>...</b>
8.22 min. | 4.89 user rating		 The Battle of Issus (or the Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops, led by the young Alexander of Macedonia, defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia. After Alexander's forces successfully forced a crossing of the Hellespont (the Dardanelles) and defeated the Persian satraps in a prior encounter, the Battle of the Granicus, Darius took personal charge of his army, gathered a large army from the depths of the empire, and maneuvered to cut the Greek line of supply, requiring Alexander to countermarch his forces, setting the stage for the battle near the mouth of the Pinarus River and south of the village of Issus. Eventual accounts tell of bodies piled within the waters high enough to dam its flow and that the river ran red with blood. So while Alexander is known to have repeatedly emphasized the importance of maintaining contact with the beach to his sub-commander on the left (seaward) flank, it is safe to assume a lot of action that day along all the water course in its 2.5 km travel through the small narrow rough hilly coastal plain that prevented the Persians, with their greater numbers, from outflanking the attacking Greeks. Initially, Alexander chose what was apparently unfavorable ground to an attack across (rough, briar choked, uphill) which was in fact a feint meant to pin and hold the Persian forces. This surprised Darius who mistakenly <b>...</b>
10.00 min. | 4.80 user rating		 In the Battle of Issus in 333 BC, the Persians were commanded by King Darius III himself as gathered a large army to crush the invading Macedonians & Alexander. King Darius' army numbered as much as a 100000 in which 10000 of them were Greek mercenary hoplites fighting for the Persians, 10000 Immortals, some 70000 Persian infantry including levies & other troops from all over the empire &11,000 heavy & light cavalry from Bactria & Scythia. Alexander's army was much smaller, not more than 40000 men which consisted of 22000 phalangists & hypaspists, 13000 peltasts & 5800 Companion, Thessalian & allied cavalry. I tried my best to make the battle go like the actual one but its not so easy, i smashed with Alexander to their left while my right falls back abit as my center advances & holds, once i broke their left with Alexander i went right for Darius & after a while Darius indeed fled from the battle like the real lol. Once he fled i started the flank & rout the remains of his army. The Battle of Gaugamela is next.
14.62 min. | 5.0 user rating		 Alexander the Great vs. Darius III
14.85 min. | 4.42 user rating
In video presentation we present a part of the history of Alexander the Great about the battle of Granicus.The texts that are presented are from the ancient writer Plutarch one the two most important writes about Alexander the Great,
3.07 min. | 5.0 user rating		 Audio- Bruce Lee in Enter The Dragon Visual- Battle of Issus from Wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org "Initially, Alexander chose what was apparently unfavorable ground to attack across (rough, briar choked, uphill) which was in fact a feint meant to pin and hold the Persian forces. This surprised Darius who mistakenly elected to hold position while Alexander then led the true attack personally on the right while instructing the Macedonian phalanx trained infantry, his main body, to make contact and just hold the main Persian army in check; thus in essence he advanced to take up a defensive posture. Meanwhile Alexander personally led the more elite Macedonian Companion cavalry against the Persian left up against the hills, and cut up the enemy on the less encumbering terrain generating a quick rout. After achieving a breakthrough, Alexander demonstrated he could do the difficult and held the cavalry successfully in check after it broke the Persian right. Alexander regrouped, then turned the body into the right flank of the Persian center, butchering Darius' body guard and under generals, provoking a panic and flight by that emperor himself, and causing a general rout. Any subsequent pursuit of Darius was delayed and generally impeded by the fleeing Persian troops and camp followers, although he managed to follow Darius' chariot until after dark some 24 to 25 km before giving up the chase."
0.63 min. | 0 user rating		 www.artehistoria.com En el otoño del año 333 aC Alejandro se encaminó hacia el norte de Siria, donde un formidable ejército persa al mando de su rey Darío le está esperando. El crucial choque se producirá en Issos. Darío asentó a su ejército de 100.000 hombres en la orilla norte del río Píramo. El centro persa estaba formado por la falange de mercenarios griegos, con la infantería pesada, los cardaces, en sus alas. A ambos lados se situaba la caballería pesada, con una reserva de infantería por detrás. Alejandro, con unos 40.000 efectivos, dispuso una primera línea de infantería ligera, con la caballería a ambos lados. Por detrás, una segunda línea de infantes precedía a los escuadrones de falanges ya la caballería. Esta vez serían los persas quienes tomaran la iniciativa. Estos realizaron un rápido trasvase de la caballería del flanco izquierdo al derecho, para atacar el ala izquierda macedonia. Pero Alejandro se dio cuenta de la estratagema y realizó una contramaniobra, reforzando con la caballería tesaliana su flanco izquierdo. La lucha se torna encarnizada. Alejandro en persona ataca el ala izquierda persa y consigue ponerse frente a frente con Darío. El ala izquierda de la falange cruza el río, mientras que la infantería ligera se despliega para proteger su retaguardia y su flanco. Al poco, la caballería macedonia derrota a la enemiga, mientras que las líneas persas se quiebran sin remisión. El empuje macedonio en los tres frentes obliga a Darío a huir, lo que <b>...</b>
2.28 min. | 4.85 user rating		 www.artehistoria.com
4.97 min. | 4.82 user rating

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: Persian Army
Units Numbers
Peltasts 69,000
Persian Immortals 10,000
Greek hoplites 10,000
Cavalry 11,000
Total 100,000



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